【作者】 张道许；

【导师】 郝守才；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 刑法学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 刑法的溯及力，是指新的刑法是否适用于它生效以前发生的、未经审判或者判决尚未确定的行为，能够适用，就是具有溯及力；如果不能适用，就是没有溯及力。我国自1997年10月1同新修订的刑法生效后，在相当长一段时间内，在审理新修订的刑法生效前未经审判或者判决未经确定的案件，都要涉及新旧刑法的选择适用即刑法的溯及力问题。虽然我国在新修订的刑法中明确规定了从旧兼从轻原则，但现有的立法及相关司法解释失之过简、难以操作，理论研究也不够深入，无法准确把握司法实践中不断涌现的各种难题。 目前，国内理论界在关于刑法的溯及力问题的研究中，多集中于司法中的具体问题，就事论事，很少探究溯及力问题背后的刑法价值取向，犯了舍本逐末的毛病，没有从宏观上探求解决溯及力问题的方法。本文基于这个基点，深入分析了刑法的溯及力问题与罪刑法定原则蕴涵价值的协调问题，并结合世界各国刑法立法在溯及力问题上采用的原则，逐个剖析其内在价值和所体现的刑法机能，并得出了从旧兼从轻原则的合理结论；在对我国刑法立法溯及力问题的基本内容准确把握后，通过对司法实践中涉及溯及力问题的难点的透彻分析，提出了科学的解决方案；最后针对实践中常常遇到的刑法司法解释的溯及力问题，进行了深入的法理探析，并相应的提出了解决方法。本文分为以下三大部分： 第一部分：刑法的溯及力概论。在该部分，笔者首先介绍了刑法的溯及力的概念；然后阐述了罪刑法定原则与刑法溯及力之间的内在联系，指出了罪刑法定原则中的禁止事后法原则与从旧兼从轻原则的协调统一；最后，结合刑法的溯及力上主要的几种适用原则即从旧原则、从新原则、从新兼从轻原则、从旧兼从轻原则；逐一分析各个原则的所体现刑法基本价值，比较其优缺点，最后得出了从旧兼从轻原则是最为科学的结论。 第二部分：我国刑法的溯及力。就我国刑法立法的发展分析，有关溯及力问题的规定经历了多个发展阶段，最终在新修订的刑法颁布实施后，明确确定了从旧兼从轻原则；然后笔者介绍了我国刑法溯及力的基本内容，以及一些关键问题，值得一提的是，笔者在对空白刑法中的补充规范的变更及其溯及力问题上，从确立补充规范的地位入手，对科学的解决其溯及力问题提出了自己的见解;最后针对司法实践中遇到的有关如何把握从旧兼从轻原则的典型问题，指出了科学的解决方法。 第三部分:刑法司法解释的溯及力。修订后的我国刑法明确规定了从旧兼从轻原则，但是美中不足的是，现行刑法及相关法律、法规并没有对刑法司法解释的溯及力做出较为明确的规定，刑法理论界对此问题也关注不够，疏于讨论，司法实务部门对此也作法不一。基于此，笔者从剖析司法解释的地位入手，得出了司法解释具有准法源的地位，并由此出发，阐述了如何在选择适用相关司法解释的问题中，有效的贯彻从旧兼从轻原则的方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 The retroactivity of criminal law, it refer to whether new criminal law can apply to the behavior that has been not tried or whose judgment has not been confirmed yet before the new criminal law is coming into force, if it can be suitable, just have the retroactivity; If can’t be suitable, no retroactivity. After the criminal law revised newly on October 1, 1997 comes into force, in the try of the case has been not tried or whose judgment has not been confirmed yet, it will be related the retroactivity of criminal law. Though our country has stipulated the principle of application of the old law with the exception of a less punishment in the new law in the criminal law that is revised newly, it is too simple, difficult to operate, in existing legislation and relevant judicial explanation. The theoretical research on the question is not deep enough, unable to hold various kinds of difficult problems emerging constantly in the judicial practice accurately.At present, the research on the retroactivity of criminal law, the field of domestic theory concentrating on more concretes problem in the administration of justice, judging the case as it stands, seldom probe into the criminal law value behind the retroactivity of criminal law, has made the trouble of attending trifles and neglecting essentials, and not solve the problem method from macroscopic. From the basic point, this text analyses deeply the coordination between the retroactivity of criminal and the principle of a legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime, and combine the principles on the retroactivity of criminal law has been regulated in the legislation of countries all over the world. Analyzing the inherent value and the criminal’s function reflected one by one, And has reach the rational conclusion of adopting the principle of application of the old law with the exception of a less punishment in the new law; After the retroactivity of the legislation of criminal law in our country, through the thorough analysis of the difficult point related to the retroactivity of criminal law question in practice, I put forward the scientific solution; in the end, I analyses the retroactivity ofthe judicial explanation on criminal law in practice and put forward the corresponding solution. This text is divided into the following three major parts:The first part: the outline the retroactivity of criminal law. In this part, I recommend the retroactivity of criminal law at first; Then explained the relation of legal principle of crime and the retroactivity of criminal law, and pointed out the uniform of the principle afterwards of prohibition in the legal principle of crime and The principle of application of the old law with the exception of a less punishment in the new law; Finally, I analyses the doctrine of observing old laws, the doctrine of observing new laws, the principle of applying the new law with the exception of a lesser punishment in the old law; and the principle of application of the old law with the exception of a less punishment in the new law; after Analyzing the criminal law basic value of embodiment of each principle one by one and Comparing its pluses and minuses, It is the most scientific conclusion to adopt the principle of application of the old law with the exception of a less punishment in the new law.The second part: The retroactivity of criminal law of my country. The regulation about the retroactivity of criminal law question has gone through a lot of developing stages, After the criminal law that is revised newly issue and implement finally, have confirmed the retroactivity of criminal law clearly; Then author recommend the basic content of the retroactivity of criminal law in our country, and key problems on it, What deserves to be mentioned is, the retroactivity of the complementary norm in blank penal code. Starting with establishing the position of complementary norm, the author has put forward one’s own opinion to scientific settlement; in the end I study the question on how to hold the typical issue on the更多还原