【作者】 卫春江；

【导师】 李小建；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 区域经济学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 21世纪初的今天，人类社会步入知识经济时代。生产技术和组织的急剧变化及经济全球化的快速推进，并没有使区域的地位和作用削弱，恰恰相反，区域在全球经济竞争中的地位和作用被进一步突出。企业作为区域经济的主体，其竞争力已成为国家和区域竞争力的重要组成部分。在此背景下，一种新型的中小企业空间组织形式——地方中小企业网络(又可称之为中小企业集群)以其强劲的竞争优势而成为国内外学术界研究的热点。这些研究者的研究视角与传统的集聚理论相比是不同的：他们从运输成本、企业间的物质投入产出关系的研究开始转向对网络所根植的制度和社会文化环境的关注。目前，国内学术界关于网络的研究多是照搬西方模式，较少考虑我国传统历史文化对网络形成发展的影响；且研究区域多集中于东部地区，研究的产业多为高新技术产业。受我国传统文化等非正式制度的影响，我国中部农区中小企业网络的形成发展展现出强烈的非正式性。因此，本文在前人研究的基础上，从我国历史文化背景出发，针对我国中部农区中小企业网络，进行了理论和实证的分析探讨。全文共分为五个部分。 一、根据前人的研究成果，并结合中部农区中小企业网络的实际情况，界定了中部农区中小企业网络的概念及其特征。中部农区中小企业网络是一种基于地方行动主体间的非正式关系而形成的松散的集合体，即那些在地理上相对集中、以企业为中心的地方行为主体间，主要通过从共同的文化背景中衍生出来的诸如家人、同乡、朋友等社会关系进行联系与交流所构成的稳定的关系系统。它具有交往的平等性、联系的紧密性、组织的动态性与可塑性、运营的人文性及整体利益的互补性等五大特征。 二、探讨网络形成发展的文化背景及其机制。中部农区中小企业网络的形成与发展深受我国家族主义制度与儒家思想，宗教等非正式制度影响，加之我国集权政治文化的影响，长期以来中部农区中小企业与地方政府形成密不可分的特殊关系。网络的形成发展轨迹遵循了这些非正式制度所规定的框架约束。网络节点的联系嵌入于“差序格局”的社会关系网络之中，表现出很强的非正式性；地方政府全面介入了网络的形成与发展过程。对增进网络联系，增加网络结点起到了极其重要的作用。 三、网络的形成发展对中部农区中小企业及其所在区域产生的一系列积极和消极效应。积极效应主要包括:促进知识的创造、扩散，碰撞并最终产生创新，降低了企业间的交易成本，提供了企业所必需的资源和信息，促进了企业家的成长，深化了企业分工，并最终带动了整个区域经济、社会的全面进步。消极效应主要有:造成了企业间的信任危机，妨碍了现代企业制度的建立，使企业产生惰性，不利于扩大联系的深度和广度，企业过度深陷地方，产生了锁定效应，不利于与外界的联系，更不利于企业走向世界。 四、解决网络所带来的消极效应需要从非正式制度和正式制度两方面进行制度创新，改造人的意识形态，改进结点间的网络联系，从而最终建立起与市场经济规则相适应的正式制度和非正式制度文化，使区域从传统区域向现代学习型区域迈进。 五、通过中国中部农区的一个传统产业区桑坡村部分企业的调查，并绘出了它们之间的物质和信息非正式联系图，印证和支持了理论部分的观点。桑坡羊皮加工网络的形成发展深受我国传统的家族文化、宗教、集权政治文化等思想的影响。网络联系具有非正式性，且地方政府起到了重要的作用。桑坡羊皮加工企业通过网络进行物质和信息的联系交流，从而带来了促进创新，降低交易成本，促进企业家成长等积极效应，为桑坡村构筑起强大的竞争优势。但也带来了一些消极效应，迫切需要通过非正式制度和正式制度两方面的创新去加以解决，获得企业和区域的更大发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 The human society enters an epoch of knowledge economy. The speedy change of productive technology and organization and the quick speed of economic globalization do not lower the position or weaken the effect of regions. On the contrary, the status and effect of regions has been given prominence to in the global economic competition. Enterprises are the subject of regional economy. And their competitive advantage is an important part in the competitive advantage of the country and the regions they lie in. Under this kind of background, a new type of special organizing form of small and medium sized enterprise-regional small and medium sized enterprise network (also called small and medium sized enterprise cluster) become the focus of the academic research both home and abroad because of its powerful competitive advantage. The perspective taken by the researchers is different from the traditional agglomeration theory. They tend to research into the institutions, social and cultural background where the economic network embedded from the researches into the transportation cost and the substantial relationship between the investment and production of the enterprises. The present research within the Chinese academia into the network .mostly copies the west mode while taking little of the influence of our traditional history and culture on the development of the network into consideration. Moreover, the regions under researches concentrate on the east part of China and the industries under researches are mostly new and high technology industry. Due to the influence of the informal institutions such as traditional culture, the development of the small and medium sized enterprise network of central agricultural regions shows a strong feature of informality. Based on the former researches, this paper attempts to analyzes and explore the small and medium sized enterprise network of central agricultural regions of our country both from the view of theory and from the perspective of demonstration. The paper consists of fiveparts.Part one, based on the former researches and the reality of the small and medium sized enterprise network of central agricultural regions, defines the concept and their features of the small and medium sized enterprise network of central agricultural regions. The small and medium sized enterprise network of central agricultural region is a loose group developed from the informal relationships among the local behavior subjects. That is the steady relationship system among these behavior subjects represented by the enterprises developed from connection and the communication between social relationship such as relatives, country fellows and friends because they concentrate on the same place and share the common cultural background. The five features of the network are, equality of communication, intimacy in connection, dynamics and plasticity in organization, humanity in running and the complementation in general benefits.Part two explores the background of the development and the mechanism of the network. The development of the small and medium sized enterprise network of central agricultural regions is deeply affected by the informal institutions such as the family institution, Confucianism, and religion. Because of the long influence of the centralization of political rights culture, the development the small and medium sized enterprise of central agricultural region has a special relationship with the local government. The development of the network is confined in the framework regulated by the informal institutions. The connecting of knot acting of the network is embedded the network of social relationship and shows a very strong feature of informality. The local government completely interfered with the course of network’s development. Thus it plays a very important role in the connection within the network and the increase of the knot acting.Part three, the development of the network will have a series of positive and passive effects on the small and medium sized e更多还原