【作者】 李文星；

【导师】 牛保义；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 有关兼语句是否有必要单列的问题自二十世纪中叶开始一直为中国语言学界所争议。主张有兼语说的语言学者就兼语的定义、范围和分类也众说纷纭，莫衷一是。致使结构在句法层面的代表——使令结构句常常被主张兼语说的学者树为兼语句的典型，同时也被主张无兼语说的学者批为反例。使、叫、让作为使令结构句的代表性词汇，就其词性，在句子中所担负的功能，以及它们与其后面的成分，尤其是它们与第二个谓词性成分的关系问题也存在很大争议。本文试图借助语法化和构块语法的相关理论对使、叫、让结构式的语义做出分析，从而就这三个词的词性、句法和语义功能做一些探讨，以期对这一“典型”兼语句有一个更客观合理的认识。 文章由四部分组成： 第一章：引言分为五个部分，第一部分是本章的引言；第二部分介绍有关兼语句的定义、分类及与之相关的争议，也是对兼语句研究的一个概述；第三部分，介绍致使结构的不同表达式，即致使义在词法、短语和句法形式上的体现，指出带使令动词的这种被认为是兼语句的致使结构只是致使结构在句法层面上的一种表征；第四部分，介绍使、叫、让构块式；第五部分，是本部分的结论，指出使、叫、让构块式被认为是致使结构的一个典型，而这种典型又被看成是兼语式的典型代表，从而说明对使、叫让构块式的研究对兼语式的研究有启发意义。 第二章：理论框架，由四个部分组成：第一部分是本章的引言；第二部分介绍语法化理论，着重概述语法化的特点和机制；第三部分介绍构块语法，主要是讲该理论中一个很重要的观点：构块义大于各个组成部分的意义之和，构块义不能归结为该构块中的主要动词的意义；第四部分是本章的结论。 第三章：使、叫、让构块式的语义分析，本部分分为五个部分：第一部分是本章内容的一个概述；第二部分阐述使令类构块式这一语言事实的客观存在，第三部分说明V2P这一谓词性成分的复杂性；第四部分是对该构块式的语义分析，这一部分又分为五个小节：第一小节阐明使、叫、让的词类范畴特征；第二小节讲两个动词V₁和V₂之间的关系；第三小节是关于构块的信息焦点和语义重心问题;第四小节是构块的中心意义，第五小节解读构块的各个变体及它们的相互联系;第五部分是本章的结论。 第四章是本文的结论，分为六部分，第一部分是引言:第二部分对使、叫、让的范畴特征做出总结;第三部分总结VZ的句法特征;第四部分总结使、叫、让构块式的语义重心:第五部分总结使、叫、让构块的语义;第六部分是对研究问题有待深入的展望更多还原

【Abstract】 The problem of whether jianyu construction should be regarded as an individual sentence structure has been resulting in disagreement among Chinese linguistic circle from the middle of the 20th century. The grammarians who hold the positive view have different opinions on the definition, scope, and classification of jianyu construction. Shi, ling construction (使令结构), as the representative of causative construction on the syntactic level has always been taken as the stereotype jianyu construction. Meantime, it is the objective of refute by the scholars who do not recognize the status of jianyu construction as an individual sentence structure. Shi, jiao, and rang, as representatives of shi, ling construction, arose disagreements concerning their word class (to which word class they belong), their function in the sentence, and the relationship between them and other following components, esp., the second verb of the sentence. The paper attempts to analyze the semantics of shi, jiao, and rang construction so as to explore the category features, syntactic and semantic function of these three words and try to gain a more objective and reasonable comprehension of this "typical" jianyu construction in the light of the theories of grammaticalzation and construction grammar.The paper consists of four chapters:Chapter One is an introduction to the whole paper, which is divided into five parts. Part one is an introduction to this chapter. Part two introduces disagreements on the definition, classification of jianyu construction and some related problems. It serves as the general view on the research of jianyu construction. Part three is about different representations of causation: lexical, phrasal, and syntactic. It is pointed out that the causative construction with shi, ling words, which is regarded as jianyu construction, is the representation of causative construction on the syntactic level. Part four is about the shi, jiao, and rang construction. Part five is the conclusion of this chapter. It is argued that shi, jiao, and rang construction is the typical representative of causativeconstruction, which in turn is the typical representative of jianyu construction. So, researching into shi, jiao, and rang construction is helpful and inspiring to the research of jianyu construction.Chapter Two contains four parts. Part one is an introduction to this chapter. Part two is about the theory of grammaticalization, emphasizing the characteristics of grammaticalization. Part three introduces some theory of construction grammar, centering on the important view that a construction carries meaning independently of the components encoded it. Part four is the conclusion of this chapter.Chapter Three is the semantic analysis on the shi, jiao, and rang construction, which is made up of five parts. Part one is an introduction to this chapter. Part two presents the linguistic fact of the existence of the shi, jiao, and rang construction. Part three is about the syntactic features of V2P. Part four is the semantic analysis on the shi, jiao, and rang construction. This part is cut into five sections. Section one illustrates the category features of shi, jiao, and rang. Section two discusses the relationship between the two verbs, V1 and V2. Section three is about the information focus and the semantic core of the construction. Section four is the central sense of the construction. Section five is to represent the various extensions of the construction and the relationship among them. Part five is the conclusion of this chapter.Chapter 4 is the conclusion of the whole paper, which is made up of five parts. Part one is the introduction to this chapter. Part two is a summary of the category features of shi, jiao, and rang. Part three is to sum up the syntactic features of V2. Part four is about the semantic core of the shi, jiao, and rang construction. Part five is the semantics of the shi, jiao, and rang construction. Part six puts forward some open questions for discussion and further research.更多还原