基于B/S结构的需求管理工具

【作者】 刘建华；

【导师】 吴洁明；

【作者基本信息】 北方工业大学 ， 计算机应用技术， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 需求工程是软件工程的初始阶段，是整个软件开发过程的基础，也是项目成败的关键阶段之一。近些年来，随着软件规模的不断增大和在各个领域的广泛应用，使软件工程研究越来越重视对需求工程的研究。 需求工程包含两方面的内容：需求开发和需求管理。需求开发的结果是需求管理的对象，需求管理又是顺利进行需求开发的保证，因而这两方面是密不可分的。 在国际上，软件开发的质量标准——ISO9000和CMM(Capability Maturity Model)得到了普遍应用，CMM对软件开发更具有针对性。需求管理是CMM2中的一个关键过程域(Key Process Areas)，在这个关键过程域中对如何进行需求管理进行了详细描述。从而我们可以看出需求管理在软件开发中的地位是不可忽视的。 在软件开发过程中经常会碰到用户需求变更或者需要追溯需求的情况。面对需求开发阶段得到的大量用户需求、需求跟踪和必要的需求变更，单靠人工进行需求管理已经显得非常力不从心，因而借助需求管理工具来完成需求管理是一个较好的解决方法。 在国外，专家们提出了多种需求建模方法，并开发了很多需求管理工具，例如RequisitePro、DOORS等商业需求管理工具。尽管如此，现有的需求建模方法和需求管理工具仍然还有很多欠缺，有待进一步提高。在国内，目前在需求管理理论方面的研究还不够深入，在需求管理工具这样的实践研究方面更是欠缺。 针对于国内在需求管理方面的研究现状，本文深入阐述了需求管理的理论知识，并探讨了当前的需求管理工具的优缺点，提出了一种新的需求管理模式——基于B／S结构的需求管理。此工具可以管理和跟踪业务需求、用例需求和功能需求。并且当有需求变更时，此工具可以给项目负责人提供变更影响分析，便于负责人控制整个开发过程。本文的第四章和第五章详细地描述了基于B／S结构的需求管理工具(BSRMT1.0)的开发过程，最后说明了进一步要做的工作。更多还原

【Abstract】 Requirement engineering is the initial stage of the software engineering, the base of the whole software development process, and one of the key stages, which is related with the success of the project. In recent years, as the scale and the application of software is larger and wider, the research about software engineering pay more attention to requirement engineering.Requirement engineering includes two aspects: requirement development and requirement management. The results of requirement development is the objects of requirement management. On the other hand, requirement management assures the progress of requirement development. So this aspects is related closely.In the world, the two quality standards about software development, ISO9000 and CMM(Capability Maturity Model),have been applied widely. In fact, CMM has more pertinency about software development. Requirement management is one of the KPAs of CMM2.In this KPA, it has described in details how to manage multiple requirements. Therefore, we can see that the status of requirement management in software development can’t be ignored.In software development process, the situation of requirement change or requirement tracement can be met frequently. In the face of a great deal of user requirements requirement tracing connection and requirement change which are the results of requirement development, requirement management only by manual is not enough, so requirement management automatically by requirement management tools is a better solution.In recent years, experts aboard have found multiple requirement modeling methods, and developed serveral requirement management tools, such as RequisitePro DOORS. But these existing requirement modeling methods and requirement management tools still have some deficiencies, and should be improved. In our home country, the research about requirement management theory is superficial, the practice about requirement management tools is more lacked.Aiming at research state about requirement management, this dissertation expatiated the knowledge of requirement management, discussed the advantages and disadvantages of existing requirement management tools, and put forward a newrequirement management pattern--requirement management based on B/Sarchitecture. This tool can manage and trace business requirements, use case requirements and function requirements. Also, when some requirements must be changed, this tool can provide impact analysis for the project leader. And then the leader can control the whole developing process. The forth chapter and the fifth chapter described the developing process of this requirment management tool. At last, the next task is introduced.更多还原