Windows环境测控系统中实时扩展技术的研究与实现

【作者】 王季；

【导师】 翟正军；

【作者基本信息】 西北工业大学 ， 计算机软件与理论， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 由于Windows2000操作系统友好的图形用户接口、出色的多任务性能和优越的硬件兼容性，在当今的计算机测控领域中，越来越多的测控系统采用Windows2000作为其开发和运行平台。然而由于Windows2000并不是针对实时性应用而设计的，如果采用普通的技术手段进行测控系统的开发和设计，在实时性要求较高的情况下将无法达到应用的要求。因此，对Windows 2000的内核机制进行深入分析，从而研究扩展Windows2000的实时性能的方法，具有很强的理论意义和实用价值。 本文结合中航二集团“十五”预研课题(41801100101)—“直升机飞行载荷数字化协调加载及数据采集技术研究”，对数据采集系统中的实时性问题和实时扩展技术展开深入研究，最终实现了基于Windows2000测控系统的实时扩展，并将其应用于实际的采集系统研制和开发中。 本文首先在研究了Windows2000体系结构和系统机制后，详细分析了Windows2000用于实时系统时存在的问题，并研究了国内外对此问题的研究状况。结合工程项目的实际情况，提出了基于Windows2000测控系统实时扩展的总体分析与设计，并分析和解决了实时扩展中的定时器管理、任务管理和调度、I/O管理和缓冲池管理等关键技术。 针对实时扩展的定时器管理问题，本文在研究了Windows中断调度机制的基础之上，设计并实现了通过软件和硬件两种手段获得时钟的方法，并研究了时钟中断的功能和实现方法。 对于实时扩展中的实时任务调度问题，本文在研究了Windows2000的进线程机制，并对测控系统任务进行分类和分解之后，设计并实现了一种新的基于周期任务的动态优先级调度算法，有效的解决了采集和控制任务的实时性问题。 本文在研究了Windows内核驱动程序模型的基础之上，设计并实现I/O的初始化管理、请求派发机制、同步管理机制以及缓冲池的分配与回收机制、非分页内存链表管理等机制和方法，较好的解决了实时扩展中的I/O管理和缓冲池问题。 利用所研究和设计的实时扩展方法，本文设计了具体的数据采集系统，并对其功能和性能进行了测试、分析和评价。结果表明该方法简单易行，调度算法高效实用，可显著改善基于Windows2000测控系统的实时性能，具有较强的实用和推广价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Because Windows2000 operating system has familiar graphical user interface, excellent mutiltask ability, good hardware compatibility, more and more Testing and Controling System using Windows2000 as their developing and running platform. But, as it is not designed for real-time application, Windows2000 is not a real-time operating system, and if we design and develop Testing and Controling System by common method, the real-time requirement of the application will not be satisfied in some time-critical case. For this reason, we must study the kernel mechanism of Windows2000, find out a feasible method to extend the real-time performance of the Testing and Controlling System which based on Windows2000. By using this method, we could make the extended Testin and Controling System to satisfy the real-time requriement of application.This article is based on the research of "The Helicopter’s Aviating Load-Data Harmonized Loading and Sampling Technology". We studied the question of real-time in the Helicopter’s Aviating Load-Data Sampling System, and finally realized the Real-Time Extension of the system which based on Windows2000 to improve the real-time performance of the system.After studied the system architecture and mechanism of Windows2000, this article analyzed the problem exist in the appliaction of Windows2000 for a real-time controling system, and study the methods of resolving this problem. Considering the practice of the project, we analyse and design the Real-Time Extension of Testing and Centring System which base on Windows2000.By studied the mechanism of Windows Interrupt Dispatching, we find out two diffrent ways to realize the Timer Interrupt in system by hardware or software.After analyzed the characteristic of tasks in Testing and Controlling System, we classify these tasks and design a new scheduling arithmetic based on dynamic priority to schedule these tasks. Using this arithmetic, we could improve the real-time performance of the Testing and Controling System.We use the real-time extension in developing a real real-time controling system, and test the performance and funcntion of the system. By the result of test, we could authenticat the correctness and the feasibility of these methods dicussed in thisarticle.更多还原