近代上海的女学生（1850—1922）

【作者】 徐宁；

【导师】 唐力行；

【作者基本信息】 上海师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 近代上海是孕育中国早期女学生的重要摇篮之一。上海之所以能在封建传统势力仍占主导地位的近代中国率先培育出一支颇有水准的女学生队伍，得益于明清以来江南地区相对良好的人文环境和上海开埠后所遇到的历史契机。开埠后的上海在欧风美雨的席卷下迅速由一个小商镇向商业化大都市转变，沪上的社会风气和人们的价值观念也随之渐变。在这样的背景下，上海的女性早在1850年就得到了入洋人办的教会学校学习的机会，到了19世纪末，随着沪上开明士绅兴办女学风潮的掀起，更有不少私立女校对她们敞开怀抱。然而直到女学之风已刮遍全国之时，清政府才于1907年宣布了女子教育的合法性，给女学生定了“名分”。而这时的上海女学生已经成为一个有相当数量的群体了。 沪上女学生从无到有，人数迅速增加，实属不易。更为重要的是，从1850年到1922年，上海女学生及其支持者们在与封建传统势力的持久较量中，在反复的进退中迈过了四道重要的门槛，实现了从地位卑下的闺中小女子到欲同男子平等的女国民的角色转变。女学生先是在西方教会势力和中国进步人士的大力推动下，动摇并逐渐改变了“女子不可教”、“女子无才便是德”等封建观念。随着国难的加深，她们更是以“国民之母”的形象受到了社会的极大关注，开始了较为广泛地吸收文化知识的真正的学生生涯。而当女学生身体与智识成长到一定程度，其中觉悟较高者已不满足于在男性社会中的雌伏状态，欲变被动为主动，伸张女性的部分权利，成为和男子平起平坐的女国民。到了20世纪二十年代左右，沪上女学生的身心进一步成熟，部分人已能全面深入地认识自我、把握自我，开始一种全新的生活。 上海女学生所迈出的每一步都与社会紧密相联。一方面，女学生随着近代上海社会的变迁而诞生、成长并开始由家庭步入社会，参与到一定的社会活动中去；另一方面她们自身的行动和精神也直接或间接地推动着社会风气和传统观念的转变，影响着作为整体的女性的生存状态。女学生与近代上海社会存在着一种良性互动关系，她们在近代社会的发展中追寻着自我。更多还原

【Abstract】 Modern Shanghai was one of China’s early schoolgirl’s important cradles. Shanghai took the lead in breeding a schoolgirl team to quite levels when feudal traditional forceses still in an leading position in modern China. This benefited from comparatively favorable culture environment in Jiangnan after Ming and Qing dynasty and the historical opportunities that Shanghai met after it opened port. After becoming a opening port, Shanghai transformed from a small dealer towns into a commercialization metropolis rapidly under the sweep of the influences of Western culture and civilization, and the general mood and people’s values in Shanghai gradually change, too. Under such a background, women of Shanghai early got the chance to go to missionary school that foreigners ran in 1850. By the end of the 19th century, along with the enlightened gentries in Shanghai lift the tide of setting up woman education, many private woman schools open wide to them . But it was not until wind of woman education blowed at the whole country that Qing Government announced the legitimacy of woman education and gave the schoolgirl appropriate position in 1907. By this time schoolgirl in Shanghai already became a colony of great deal people.It was difficult for the schoolgirl in Shanghai to appear from nonexistence and make the number of them increase rapidly. But the more important thing is that from 1850 to 1922, accompanying with schoolgirl and her supporters’ lasting trial against feudal and traditional forceses, they made four important steps in repeated advance and retreat, and realized the role change from a low -position woman at home to a citizen who could equal with man . At first , the schoolgirl gradually waved and changed such feudal ideas as" the woman can’t be taught " and "it’s good for a woman to be ignorant" with the help of western missionaries and Chinese progressive personages. With the intensification of the national calamity, they were paid much attention to as the image of the people’s mother" and begun a career of formal student to absorb knowledge widely. When schoolgir’s health and knowledge grew up to a certain extent, some of them with relatively high awareness were not satisfied with their low position and wanted to be initiative from a passive state, upheld the rights of women and tried to become citizens who equaled with man. By about the twenties of the 20th century, Shanghai schoolgirl’s body and mind was ripe further, some of them could already know themselves and hold themself in depth, and began a kind of brand-new life.Every step that Shanghai schoolgirl stepped was closely linked to the society. On one hand, schoolgirl born, grew up and began to step into the society from their home to participate in certain social activities with change of modem Shanghai; on the other hand ,they drove the transition of the social conduct and traditional idea indirectly or directly by their own action and spirit, ilnfluenced the living state of women as a whole. The schoolgirl had a good interdynamic relation with the society of modern Shanghai, they pursued themself during the development of the society of modern times.更多还原