中国保险业市场结构研究

【作者】 王力南；

【导师】 刘英群；

【作者基本信息】 东北财经大学 ， 产业经济， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 中国保险产业经过20多年的恢复性发展，目前已基本完成了产业奠基阶段，形成了一个相对完整独立的产业系统。90年代以来，随着国民经济的持续快速稳定发展以及新的社会保障体系的逐渐形成，全社会对保险的内在需求日益扩大，保险产业呈现出高速发展的势头，保险市场总体规模持续增长，保险市场主体增多并逐步向多元化方向发展。 但是，与发达国家的保险业相比，我国保险业仍然是一个发展中的不成熟的产业，目前还面临着许多困难和矛盾。具体而言，主要存在以下一些问题：首先，中国保险产业基本上属于幼稚产业，产业规模小，发展水平低，产业结构不完整，市场发展不均衡。同时，中国保险业是一个垄断型的产业，市场竞争主体少，市场集中率很高，市场竞争不充分。垄断导致保险经营的低效率，竞争的不充分必然带来市场规模的萎缩。其次，中国保险经营主体竞争力较弱，资金运用能力、偿付能力、盈利能力、业务创新能力、管理能力明显偏弱，面临着外国保险机构的严重威胁。另外，中国保险监管体制不成熟，保险法规体系不完善，严重制约了保险产业的发展。 存在上述问题的原因是多方面的，然而对照产业经济学原理，这种种不规范的市场行为的深层次根源在于市场结构不合理，市场竞争不充分。保险业的市场结构是决定保险业组织竞争性质的基本因素，保险市场结构合理化是关系保险业长远发展的关键问题。中国保险市场中高市场集中度造成供给主体间竞争压力不足，市场结构是长期独家垄断且迄今仍是极少数公司主宰市场的寡头垄断型市场。 本文运用产业组织理论的SCP分析框架，较为全面而系统地对保险业市场结构、市场行为和市场绩效，以及相关的产业政策进行了研究，为我国保险业改革和发展政策提供理论依据。全文采用总—分—总的逻辑结构，先提出问题，再逐一研究市场结构、市场行为和市场绩效及其相互关系，最后研究保险产业政策等方面的对策措施。 总体看，本文试图在国内外研究文献的基础上，针对保险产业组织理论内容摘要与政策研究的空白点，运用产业组织理论研究保险业的市场结构、市场行为和市场绩效及其相互关系，并结合产业组织政策研究提出了关于我国保险产业组织政策方面的具体对策和建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 After twenty years of recoverable development , China insurance industry has finished its preparatory phase, forming a relatively complete independent industry system recently. In nineties, with the extended rapid stable development of national economy and the forming of indemnification system, the internal demand to insurance of the whole society is expanding and insurance industry is accelerating. The gross scale of the insurance market increases continuously. The body of insurance market increases and develops to diversification.But compared to the insurance industry of the developed nations, China insurance industry is still a developing unformed industry. It meets many difficulty and conflict. It mains: firstly, China insurance industry belongs to primitive industry basically. Its scale is not large. The level of development is low. Industry structure is not complete. The development of market is not proportionate. China insurance industry is a monopoly industry. The body of competition is little. The market concentration rate is high. The market competition is not enough. The low efficiency of management from monopoly must shrink the market scale. Secondly, China insurance management bodies’ competition is weak. Their capacity of putting money, paying back, returning, innovating, managing is obviously weak. They confront the threat from the foreign insurance departments. Else, that China insurance supervision system is not mature conditions the development of insurance industry seriously.According to the theory of industrial economics we can found the profound reason of former problems is unreasonable insurance market structure. The market structure of insurance industry is the basic factor that decides competition of insurance industrial system. Reasonable insurance market structure is very important to the permanent development.This article aims to analyze the market structure, behaviors and market performance of China insurance industry under the guidance of the Theory of Industrial Structure. It concludes that oligopoly is one of the implicit features of China insurance market, and state-owned property takes the monopoly position in the market. Using the theory of SCP frame, this paper studies the market structure of China insurance industry, founding the profound conflict and reason and lodging the correlative advances.更多还原