旅游线路优化中的运筹学问题

【作者】 吴凯；

【导师】 谢彦君；

【作者基本信息】 东北财经大学 ， 旅游管理， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 国家统计局的统计结果表明：2002年，我国入境旅游、国内旅游、出境旅游三大市场全面快速增长，国际国内旅游业总收入达5566亿元。面对蓬勃发展的巨大市场，旅游企业推出了大量丰富多彩的旅游线路以满足旅游者的需求。为了设计更好的旅游线路，为了优化现有的线路设计，旅行社和旅游景区进行了大量的实践探索，一些学者也就这方面问题提出了一些有益的建议。本文试图在总结前人研究成果的基础上，把旅游线路问题的层次结构梳理清楚，并讨论运筹学和图论理论在旅游线路优化中的应用。 旅游学者的研究多是一种宏观尺度的定性分析，基于不同的专业背景，研究的问题在本质上存在较大的差异。本文对学者们的研究成果做了分类整理，从空间维度、时间维度、成本维度和旅游活动维度四个层面讨论了旅游线路的含义，并以此为基础对旅游线路进行了系统分类。为了厘清旅游线路问题的框架结构，本文也进一步讨论了旅游线路的影响因素、设计原则、和设计程序。本文认为旅游线路的影响因素可以概括为心理因素、自然因素和成本因素，这既是对前人成果的概括，也与旅游线路的维度分析紧密相连。在影响因素分析的基础上，结合旅游开发的原则，本文认为旅游线路设计应该遵循总体规划原则、市场导向和社会导向原则、经济原则三条原则。所谓原则应该贯穿于旅游线路设计、优化的全过程，而这个过程一般包括“概念性线路设计”、“操作性线路设计”、“线路检验”和“线路修订完善”四个阶段。 在分析了上述基本问题之后，本文应用运筹学和图论的理论分别讨论了旅行社线路优化问题和旅游景区线路优化问题。具体的，讨论了最短路问题、旅行商问题和排程问题在旅行社线路优化中的应用；讨论了最小支撑树问题、覆盖问题和最大流问题在旅游景区线路优化中的运用，并在附录中给出了详细的电子表格解法。 总之，本文是一种应用运筹学、图论理论讨论旅游企业科学管理的分析；本文是一种既考虑旅行社线路问题又考虑的旅游景区线路问题的微观层面的 内容提要，一竺里，竺旦里里，巴巴里里巴巴通则性分析:本文是一种在既定约束条件下实现最优目标的规范性分析;本文是一种既考虑管理者的要求又结合数学模型的定性分析与定量分析相结合的分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 The statistic outcome of the National Statistic Bureau indicates that the three major tourism markets, namely inbound travel, outbound travel and domestic travel, have fully made a rapid progress in 2002. The whole revenue of tourism industry numbered 556.6 billion. Confronting the flourishing, prosperous and immense market demands, many tourism enterprises concerned have already provided a great deal of colorful touring itineraries to meet the needs of tourists. In order to design better touring itineraries and to improve present touring itineraries, some travel agencies and scenic spots have undertook lots of practical explores. And the academicians also put forward some instructive advice concerning to this issue. This thesis, based on researches of this field, attempts to make this problem clearer, and moreover discusses the application of Operations Research and Graph Theory in improving touring itineraries.Generally speaking, most of the researches on this issue belong to qualitative analysis on macro-aspect. Based on different specialty background and the questions researched are essentially different. This paper classifies the researching results of the academicians and explores the inner meanings of touring itinerary from the four dimensions of space, time, cost and tourism activity. Based on this, we have carried out a systematic category on touring itinerary. Trying to get the framework on analyzing touring itinerary issue, this thesis also expounds the affecting factors, creating principles and creating procedures of touring itinerary. In this dissertation, we hold that the affecting factors can be generalized as psychological factors, natural factors and cost factors, which is not only summed up on the basis of those previous research, but also closely connects to our dimensional analysis of touring itinerary. Based on the factor analysis, combining the tourism developing principles, we conclude that designing touring itinerary should keep tothe three principles of general layout, market oriented and social oriented, and economical principle. All these principles should impenetrate the whole procedure including four phases, namely conception itinerary designing, operational itinerary designing, itinerary inspection and itinerary improvement.After the thorough analysis of those basic questions, this thesis respectively explains the improvement of touring itinerary of travel agency and that of scenic spots by applying the Operations Research and Graph Theory. Concretely we discuss the application of the shortest path problem, traveling salesman problerm and project management method on the touring itinerary improvement of travel agency. Furthermore, we explore the use of minimum spanning tree problem, overlaid problerm and maximum flow problerm on the touring itinerary improvement of scenic spots. And also enclosed detailed spreadsheet solutions .In conclusion, this thesis is an analysis on the scientific management of tourism enterprises applying the Operations Research and Graph Theory; and also it is a general analysis not only considering the touring itinerary of travel agency, but also taking the touring itinerary of scenic spots into consideration; Meanwhile it is a criterion analysis on how to realize the optimal goal under the supposed resource constraints. Finally it is an analysis combining qualitative analysis to quantitative analysis taking both the requirements of the administrators and the mathematics model into account.更多还原