【作者】 刘继生；

【导师】 陈水福；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 结构工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 大跨度屋盖结构由于能够提供尽可能大的无内柱空间而被广泛应用于大型体育场馆、会展中心、飞机库、机场航站楼等建筑中。这类结构具有自重轻、柔性大、体型复杂等特点，对风荷载十分敏感，风荷载往往是这类结构的控制荷载。如何准确预测这类结构的整体与局部风压对结构设计至关重要。另一方面，鉴于大跨度结构的建筑功能需要，一般其周围附近的人流密度较大，因此对于其周围的风环境的舒适性问题也不容忽视。 本文采用数值模拟方法探讨大跨屋盖结构的表面风压分布特性和结构周围的风环境的舒适性问题。在综述前人主要研究成果的基础上，本文首先建立了建筑表面风压和周围风环境数值模拟的基本理论和基本方程，采用了以平均Navier-Stokes方程和双层湍流模型为基础的数值计算方法，并对控制方程的离散格式、边界条件和数值迭代方法等做了较详细的论述。然后，分别采用双层湍流模型和标准k-ε型对一低坡屋面的二维房屋模型进行了实例计算，并与风洞试验结果作了比较，验证了数值模拟的正确性和有效性；同时对两种湍流模型的模拟效果进行了比较和分析。作为重点，又对一大跨屋盖结构——井冈山机场航站楼的表面风压和周围风场进行了较为详尽的实例计算和分析比较，在分析数值模拟和风洞试验结果的基础上，总结归纳了这类结构表面风压的分布规律，为这类结构的抗风研究与设计提供了参考依据。最后，对建筑周围风环境舒适性的评价标准进行了阐述和讨论，并采用数值模拟方法对大跨结构周围不同区域的风环境进行了预测和评估，同时提出了改善风环境的一些方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Owing to the ability of providing as large space without inner columns as possible, large-span structures are widely used in buildings such as stadiums/gymnasiums, exhibition centers and airport buildings. This kind of structure is usually sensitive to wind loading due to their light self-weight, large flexibility and complex geometric shape properties. Wind load often becomes the governing live load of this kind of structures. How to accurately predict the global and local wind pressures on the structure is an utmost important problem in the structural design process. On the other hand, the density of pedestrians around this kind of buildings is often large. Therefore the problem of wind environment around the building is of great concern by common people and researchers.This thesis studies the wind pressure distribution behavior and wind environment problem for large-span roof structures using the numerical simulation method. In the thesis, after presenting the previous important achievements of study in this area, the basic theory including the governing equations for the numerical prediction is first established. A numerical procedure based on the averaged Navier-Stokes equation and the two-layer turbulence enclosure model is adopted in the prediction. The scheme of governing equation discretization, boundary condition and iterative algorithm for solution of discretized equations are then described in detail.As an example the two-layer turbulence model and the standard k-e model are used respectively to predict the wind pressures on a two-dimensional low-rise house model. The obtained pressures are compared with the wind tunnel test results and good agreement is found. This demonstrates the accuracy and validity of the numerical method. Meanwhile comparison and discussion are given to the numerical results predicted by the two turbulence models. As the second example, numerical simulation is carried out to predict wind-induced pressures on and wind velocities around a real large-span structure-Jingangshan airport building. Through comparison with the wind tunnel test results the distribution behavior of windpressures on this kind of structures is summarized. Finally, criteria for evaluating the degree of comfort of the wind environment around buildings are described and discussed. The wind environment in different areas around the Jingangshan airport building is then numerically predicted and the degree of comfort of the environment is evaluated. Several proposals for improving the confort of wind environment are presented in the same time.更多还原