【作者】 彭少明；

【导师】 黄强；

【作者基本信息】 西安理工大学 ， 水文学及水资源， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 植被破坏、水土流失，河床抬高、河道萎缩，水源匮乏、频繁断流，污染严重、水质下降，朔源淤积、海岸蚀退等表明黄河流域水资源与水环境的承载能力面临着极大的挑战。提出“维持黄河健康生命”的新的水资源配置理念，有利于我们科学地认识流域的水资源承载能力和水环境承载能力，对黄河进行合理的治理与开发。只有其真正达到了“堤防不决口，河道不断流，水质不超标，河床不抬高”的四项标准，黄河才具有巨大的效用价值。论文结合国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(973项目)，以黄河流域为研究对象，对水资源调控理论、调控方法、调控模型和调控技术进行了较为系统的研究，主要研究内容和成果有以下几个方面： (1)指出了当前黄河水资源开发利用中所面临的问题与挑战，分析了黄河流域水资源中长期供需矛盾，从供给、需求两方面研究了包括：“开源”、节水、治污、工程措施等多手段、多措施相结合的黄河流域水资源调控的方案集。 (2)探讨和研究了水资源现代调控理论。从大系统的角度分析了流域水资源系统内的两大偶合系统即水量-水质-生态耦合系统和社会经济-水资源-时空调控耦合系统，将协同学与耗散结构理论引入水资源系统。三个子系统之间有竞争，也有协同，而调控是要协调系统中经济、社会以及生态等子系统的关系，保持系统之间的动态平衡协调，使水资源系统能够实现良性循环、演化。 (3)以协同学理论为依据，确定了黄河流域水资源多维临界调控的序参量，并对其临界阈值进行了合理确定，在此基础上，构建了黄河流域水资源各子系统的协调度(有序度)，作为水资源调控的依据。研究了流域水资源调控演变规律，建立了有序度和系统熵变引导的水资源调控自动寻优机制，引导水资源优化配置。西妥理工大学硕士学位论文 (4)通过对黄河流域2010、2020、2030以及2050水平年方案集的36个方案水资源调控模拟配置，对备选方案进行了调控求解，分析比较了调控成果，为黄河流域水资源的可持续利用、维持黄河健康生命，遴选了战略性的配置方案，同时也验证了本论文调控理论和方法的合理性和可行性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The carrying capacity of water resources and water environment in Yellow River basin is faced with a huge challenge, such as vegetation destruction, water and soil erosion, riverbed run-up, watercourse shrinkage, water shortage, frequency breakage flow, severity pollution, water quality deterioration, trace to the source and sendiment, coast erosion and regradation. Put forward the new water resources allocation concept - "Keep the Yellow River healthy life", it is favored for us to scientifically know the carrying capacity of water resources and water environment in order to rational deal with and exploitation in the Yellow River basin. Only does it achieve four standards - "embankment not burst, watercourse not breakage, water quality not beyond standard, riverbed not run-up", the Yellow River has being enormous avail value. In this paper, combined with the Major State Basic Research Development Program, the adjustment and control theory, method, model, and technology are studied, the aim of which is to make some helpful tries to the Yellow River problems. The main research content and results are as follows:( 1 ) The problems and challenge confronted in Yellow River water resources application are pointed out, Analysis on water resources supply and requirement contradiction in mid and long term of the Yellow River. From the two facets studied water resources adjustment and control projects that combined with multi-methods and multi-measures including opening source, saving water, fathering pollution and some engineering measures.(2) Discussed and studied on the modern water resources adjustment and control theory. From the viewpoint of large-scale system analyzed two coincidence systems in water resources system, namely water quantity-water quality-eco system and social economy-water resources-time and space adjustment and control system. The synergetics theory and dissipative structure theory are introduced in water resources system. Competition and synergetics functions exist in three subsystems. Adjustment and control function is to harmonize the relationships among economy, social and eco subsystems and to keep homeostasis among systems, so that water resources system can realize favorable cycle and evolvement.(3) On base of synergetics theory, the order parameters of Yellow River water resources multi-dimension critical control are selected, and the threshold values are confirmed. The order degree for subsystem of Yellow River water resources is established, which are the basis of critical control. Study on water resources adjustment and control evolvement rules, the order degree and mechanism of water resources auto-probe optimal introduced by system entropy variety were built up to introduce water resources optimal allocation.(4) Through allocating water resources adjustment and control 36 projects of 2010, 2020, 2030 and 2050 in the Yellow River, solved prepared projects and analyzed adjustment results. Strategic allocation project is chosen for water resources sustainable utilization in Yellow River basin and keep it healthy life, at the same time rationality and feasibility of this adjustment and control theory and method are validated.更多还原