【作者】 杨晓芳；

【导师】 张孝彬；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 材料物理与化学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 超级电容器是一种相对新型的电容器，它的出现使得电容器的上限容量骤然跃升了3～4个数量级，达到了法拉(F)量级。随着它在移动通讯、信息技术、航空航天和国防科技等领域的不断应用，超级电容器越来越受到人们的关注，各国纷纷制定出发展计划，将其列为国家重点的战略研究对象。超级电容器的研究重点主要集中在电极材料的研究上。 纳米碳管导电性好、比表面积大、微孔集中在一定范围内，从理论上讲是制作超级电容器的理想材料。通过充分利用其较大的比表面积和适宜的孔径，可望得到大容量、高功率的超级电容器，与过渡金属氧化物复合更能提高其综合性能。 本文采用纳米碳管作为超级电容器电极材料，得到比电容量为110F／g的超级电容器结构单元，讨论了粘结剂、电解液等多种影响因素，并与乙炔黑电极和鱼骨状碳纤维电极进行了对比；制备了纳米碳管与氧化钌复合材料，得到比电容量为270F／g的超级电容器结构单元；本文还首次将纳米碳管与大洋锰矿复合用作超级电容器电极材料，取得了初步成果，为天然矿物的开发利用开辟了一个新的发展方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 Supercapacitors are comparatively new capacitors. The upper limit capacitance has been raised by three or four orders and can reach up to Faraday scale due to the appearance of supercapacitors. They have drawn more and more attentions because of their increasing application in the areas of mobile communication, information technology, space aircrafts and national defence. Many countries have made the research plan of supercapacitors as an important research object. The research work of supercapacitor mainly focuses on the electrode material.The carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are attractive materials for electrodes of supercapacitors due to their superb characteristics: chemical stability, low mass density, low resistivity, and large specific surface area. A composite electrode material comprising carbon nanotube and transition metal oxide may meet both the powerand the energy requirements.The properties of supercapacitor utilizing carbon nanotube as electrode material are studied. When 38wt% H2SO4 is used as the electrolyte, a specific capacitance of 1l0F/g is obtained. The complex influence factors including binder and electrolyte are discussed in the paper. The comparison of carbon nanotube and active carbon and graphite nanofibers used as electrode material is also presented.A composite electrode material comprising carbon nanotubes and ruthenium oxide is obtained and the capacitance of supercapacitor reaches 270F/g. The carbon nanotube and the natural manganese oxide compounded for the first time and the initial results were achieved. It showed a new way for the utilization of natural mineral.更多还原