【作者】 颜丽红；

【导师】 阳永荣；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 应用化学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 为克服废轮胎常压热解再生炭黑(PC)表面碳质沉积物过多、表面活性差和不适于橡胶补强应用等缺点，本文主要以反相气相色谱法为分析手段，分别通过硝酸酸洗和硬脂酸—硝酸酸洗等方法改性处理PC，以期改善PC结构和提高其表面性能，继而改善PC填充天然橡胶硫化胶的机械性能。本文系统考察了未改性PC以及硝酸酸洗改性热解炭黑(WPC)、硬脂酸—酸洗改性热解炭黑(SWPC)的表面能色散分量、极性分量、热力学函数变化以及炭黑表面不同活性点的能量分布情况等方面的差别，并考察了改性处理对热解炭黑填充天然橡胶硫化胶机械性能的影响。 在此基础上，本文分析了热解炭黑硝酸酸洗改性和硬脂酸—硝酸酸洗改性的机理，并进一步考察了硝酸浓度和硬脂酸加入量对热解炭黑的改性效果的影响。本文研究工作的主要内容如下： 1．邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)吸液法试验表明热解炭黑的结构性较低；通过硝酸酸洗改性可以极大的提高热解炭黑的结构性，使得DBP值增大；但硬脂酸的加入会使得硝酸酸洗改性的热解炭黑的DBP值减小。 2．反相气相色谱研究发现，硝酸酸洗改性热解炭黑，可以减少其表面碳质沉积物，使得被碳质沉积物所覆盖的部分活性点重新暴露出来。但硝酸酸洗改性在炭黑表面引入较多的羟基、羧基等官能团，使得热解炭黑表面能色散分量和极性分量显著增加，即炭黑表面能过高，炭黑颗粒之间将会出现团聚现象，不利于天然橡胶补强。 3．在硝酸酸洗改性的基础上，通过加入硬脂酸再改性后，利用硬脂酸羧基与WPC表面的羟基反应，使得炭黑表面能色散分量降为83.66mJ／mol，而且由于硬脂酸的长碳链造成一定的空间位阻，可以减少炭黑颗粒之间的团聚，有利于改善炭黑的分散性。 4．通过硫化曲线分析可知，与PC相比，填充WPC、SWPC的混炼胶的焦烧时间都得到较大的提高，可以改善实际生产的安全性。填料与橡胶之间的相互作用程度为：WPC＜PC＜SWPC。在炭黑填充量相同的情况下，填充WPC的混炼胶的硫化速度最小，这可能与WPC表面相对较多的羟基延缓硫化有关。浙江大学硕士学位论文5.通过硫化胶机械性能测试发现，相对于PC和WPC，填充SWPC的天然橡胶 硫化胶具有较高的拉伸强度、扯断伸长率、300%定伸应力，能基本达到半补 强炭黑的应用标准，使热解炭黑应用于橡胶补强成为可能，开发了废轮胎热 解炭黑的新用途。更多还原

【Abstract】 The recovered pyrolytic carbon black(PC) from the used tyre was obtained by atmospheric pyrolysis, having small degree of aggregation and small surface area, having a lot of ashes and carbonaceous deposits. The PC was modified by a series of chemical treatment with nitric acid (WPC)and nitric acid/stearic acid(SWPC). The inverse gas chromatography was used to assess to the consequences of the modifications. In particular., inverse gas chromatography at infinite dilution is shown to detect essentially the most active sites, and allows monitoring of the variation of surface properties upon chemical modifications of the PC. Inverse gas chromatography at finite concentration has been used to characterize the surface energy site distribution. It is known that there are many structural defects on pyrolytic carbon black and the surface energy is heterogeneously distributed. We present the relatively integral theory of modification. We have analysis the influence of the concentration of nitric acid and the quantity of stearic acid for the result of modification. The main work of the paper list as the following:1. DBF absorption experiment shows that the CBp has low structure. The surface aperture and DBP value of WPC and SWPC are larger than the PC.2. nitric acid can decrease the surface carbonaceous deposits, and make more active sites.But the surface of WPC have too much -OH and -COOH. The WPC particle will reunite and the dispersion is not well.3. The retreatment of pyrolytic carbon black with stearic acid will, on one hand, diminish the particle-particle interactions and hence facilitate the dispersion of the filler in a nature rubber matrix and, on the other hand, enhance the compatibility between filler and matrix which leads to better mechanical performance of the composite.4. From the sulfuration curve of three carbon black, We can see that T10 of WPC and SWPC are larger than PC. This meanes that it is more safer when using WPC or SWPC in industry production. The interaction degree between the carbon andrubber is: WPC<PC<SWPC 5. The mechanical performance of the composite which filled with SWPC hasimproved a lot. SWPC can substitute the commercial carbon black.更多还原