【作者】 李雯；

【导师】 庄勤亮； 丁辛；

【作者基本信息】 东华大学 ， 纺织工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 智能纺织品作为一类新颖的高新技术产品，正日益受到人们的重视，一些专家将智能纺织品看作是纺织服装工业的未来。导电纤维作为制造智能纺织品的一类重要材料已引起国内外材料界的广泛关注，其研究和开发正方兴未艾。制备导电纤维的方法有多种，如制备金属纤维、在成纤聚合物中混入金属粉末、炭黑等导电成分、合成纤维表面金属化处理或镀金属等，这些方法均存在一定的弊端和局限性。近年来，高分子界对导电聚合物的研究非常活跃，其中聚苯胺以其制备简单、在空气和水中稳定性好、电导率高等优点受到人们的广泛重视，一些研究者开始探索制备聚苯胺导电纤维。其中包括聚苯胺本体导电纤维和聚苯胺复合导电纤维，而前者除对溶剂和纺丝设备要求高外，所得纤维强度差且脆性也大。所以目前最有运用前景的还是聚苯胺复合导电纤维。聚苯胺复合导电纤维的制备有较多方法，研究较成熟、使用最多的是化学氧化“现场”吸附聚合法。但还有很多问题有待于解决，如对聚苯胺纤维的成型机理、反应条件和聚合物结构对纤维导电性能的影响等研究还很不充分。本课题采用“现场”吸附聚合法制备聚苯胺复合导电纤维，就反应条件对纤维导电性能的影响进行研究，并观察在某一刺激下，纤维所产生的响应。具体内容如下： 1．实验材料的选定。 2．研究各反应条件的改变对纤维导电性能的影响规律，确定各工艺参数的合适范围。 3．利用二次通用旋转组合设计方法设计实验，优化参数，得出最佳工艺条件。 4．对所制备的纤维的结构与性能进行观察、分析。 5．观察纤维在力学作用下所产生的响应。 通过实验和分析，完成了如下的工作： 1．选用氨纶纤维为基质，制备聚苯胺／氨纶复合导电纤维。 2．确定了制备聚苯胺／氨纶复合导电纤维的工艺流程，通过实验确定摘要预处理和预浸泡工艺参数;选定过硫酸按为氧化剂，盐酸为掺杂酸;并得出各聚合条件的改变对纤维导电性能的影响曲线。研究表明:氧化剂用量、掺杂剂浓度、苯胺单体浓度对纤维导电性能均有较大的影响，而反应时间、反应温度在较宽的范围内对纤维的导电性能影响不大。 3.利用实验和数理统计方法，得到显著工艺参数的最优配置:- 氧化剂用量:0.0169·ml一’ 掺杂酸浓度:2.smol.U‘ 苯胺单体浓度:o.23mol.U， 4.所制备的复合导电纤维表面光滑，导电性能、物理机械性能、耐洗牢度良好，且在空气中稳定性好。 5.通过观察分析，得到该复合导电纤维在拉伸状态下电导率的变化曲线，为该纤维用于织造智能纺织品提供了参考依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Smart Textiles is increasingly regarded as a new and high technical product. Some experts consider it is an extremely promising trend of the textile/garment industry.As one of the most important materials made into Smart Textiles, conductive fiber is extensively studied. There are several types of commercial available conductive fibers, such as metal coated fibers, carbon filled or copper sulfide filled fibers etc. However, these fibers all have shortages and limited practical uses.Since electrically conductive polymers were discovered over twenty years ago, the research in this field has been very active. Some researchers used conductive polymers to fabricate conductive fibers. Polyaniline is the most commonly used polymer because of its simple polymerization, stability in air and water as well as its high electrical conductivity.There are mainly two types of fibers made with polyaniline. One type of fiber is directly spun from polyaniline, the other is to coat polyaniline onto fibers which is used as a reinforcing substrate. The former has strict requirement about solution and spinning machine, and the fiber is plastic. The latter is the most promising one. So many researchers have been trying to fabricate polyaniline-coated fiber with high conductivity by many means.In-situ polymerization is commonly used technology to produce polyaniline-coated fibers although there are some technical issues to be explored, for example, the conducting mechanism of polyaniline-coated fiber, insufficient understanding about the effect of the processing conditions and the structure of the polymer on the electrical conductivity of fibers.In this dissertation, some basic researches and explorations about the effect of the processing conditions on the electrical conductivity of polyaniline coated fiber, and investigation of the fiber’s response to anenvironmental stimulus were undertaken as follows:1. Selecting the materials used in experiments.2. Studying the effect of the processing conditions on the electrical conductivity of the fibers.3. Adopting the universal rotary experimental design method to design the experiments, optimizing the parameters by establishing multi-objective mathematical pattern and using the method of random searching.4. Studying the relationship between the structure and properties of the polyaniline coated fiber.5. Investigating the fiber’s response to an environmental stimulus.According to the specific experiments and analysis described in this dissertation, the following conclusions can be made:1. The process to produce electrically conducting fibers using Spandex as a substrate is:Preparation#Dry#Dip in aniline#Polymerization#Rinse#Dry2. The concentrations of oxidant, "doping" agent and aniline have significant influence on the electrical conductivity, but the polymerizing temperature and time affect the result little in a wide range.3. The three optimal processing parameters to produce electrically conducting fibers are: concentration of oxidant is 0.01dg-ml-1, concentration of "doping" agent is 2.5mol-L-1, concentration of aniline is 0.23mol-L-1.4. The conductive composite fiber has smooth surface, high conductivity, good mechanical properties and high stability in air and water.5. The response of electrical conductivity of fibers to stretch was significant.更多还原