【作者】 孔旭；

【导师】 屠恒贤；

【作者基本信息】 东华大学 ， 纺织材料与纺织品设计， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 中国是世界上最早生产纺织品的国家之一，也是最早利用蚕丝的国家，被誉为“丝绸之国”，历史上对世界丝绸业的发展作出了巨大的贡献。我国古代纺织技术发达，织物品种丰富，为我们留下了宝贵的文化遗产，是中国古代文明进步的缩影之一。但是我们对文化遗产的保护意识是非常欠缺的，在新中国建立之前，西方流传着“丝绸之路在中国，丝绸之路的研究在西方”的说法，这充分说明了我们对这些遗产的保护意识和科技水平的落后。然而，近几年来随着文物保护科学研究工作的深入开展，对纺织品文物的保护也受到越来越多的重视。 古代纺织品的保护是一门综合性的学科，涉及化学、物理学、考古学、纺织科学和生物学等多个学科，是各学科交叉结合的综合。 在国内纺织品文物的保护尚在起步阶段，无论在理论上，还是在实践上都缺少系统的研究。作为探索者，本文结合纺织史博物馆的建设，拟对纺织品文物保护中的清洁与储存环节开展研究。 本文从两个方面着手进行研究，一是结合纺织史博物馆内的丝织品文物，开展清洁与储存方面的实验研究。二是在实践的基础上，结合各种国内外文献资料，对纺织品文物保护中的清洗、储存环节的机理进行探讨，形成理论性的总结。 古代纺织品的保护是一个复杂的过程，包括文物的清洁处理、修复、复制、消毒和贮藏等，每个环节都是非常重要的。 文物的清洁处理，是文物保护工作中的第一步，也是最重要的一步，其处理效果将直接影响纺织品文物的保存和展示，是整个保护过程的关键，尤其对于丝织品文物。因此，出土的纺织品通常要经过清洁处理才能被贮藏和展示。 文物的清洁处理，分为两个步骤：表面的清洁和文物的洗涤。表面清洁属于物理过程，应根据文物所属种类、文物的状态和表面特性 东华大学硕士论文选择适当的清洁工具，否则会对文物产生负面的影响。文物的洗涤过程属于化学过程，能够进一步清除污垢。纯净的蒸馏水是最好的清洗剂，它对文物的损伤非常小，并且有很好的洗涤效果，若需要使用洗涤剂，洗涤剂为中性或弱碱性。在此基础上，对一块元代的丝织物(元绮)作了清洁处理。为了减小不必要的损伤，清洗过程中使用的洗涤剂是自己配制的，由于文物比较珍贵，不可能用于试验。首先对现代丝织品作了前期的实验，取得对丝织品损伤较小的洗涤条件。根据实验，得出对织物强力而言洗液浓度和洗液pH值的最好条件A，B，，即洗液浓度为‘19/L，pH值为7。洗涤时间和洗液的温度可以根据实际情况做适当的调整。 由于文物自身的特殊性，在清洗过程中不易被经常移动，为了提高洗涤效果，我们将超声波技术应用于文物的清洗过程。通过研究，超声波能够清洗那些与文物表面粘结比较牢固的固体粘结物，结果是令人满意的。而对于那些己渗入织物内部的污垢，清洗效果并不好。因此，超声波技术可以被应用于纺织品文物的清洗，但要根据实际情况而定。 贮藏对于丝织品文物的保护也是非常重要的。通过查阅大量的资料·，总结出了影响文物存放的外界因素及预防措施，并参与了纺织史博物馆内部分纺织品的储存工作。 纺织品文物的保护的研究工作，在国内尚属起步阶段，本文仅作了一些探索性的工作，希望能得到各位老师的指正，更希望有更多的人能投入这项工作。更多还原

【Abstract】 China is one of the few birthplaces of textile production in the world, which is also the first country to make use of the silk and therefore it is called "the Silk Country". So there are many kinds of antique silks, such as damask, satin, brocade etc, and each kind has its own characteristic. As valuable cultural heritages, these antique textiles adequately approve the advancement of Chinese civilization. Actually, the silk productions in many countries of the world have been developed on the basis of my country’s silk production. However, we Chinese lacked the consciousness of protecting the cultural heritage, so before the foundation of the People Republic of China, there was aparlance in west countries: the Silk Road is in China, but the study on the Silk Road is in the West. It was a fact. Whereas, with the development of the conservation of cultural relic in recent years, more attention is paid to the protection of ancient textiles.The conservation of antique textile is an all-round subject which is a combination of science, technology and practice, involved in chemistry, physics, archaeology, textile science and biology etc. It is also a complicated process, including cleaning, restoration, replication, disinfection and storage. And each process is necessary as well as very important. This paper mainly makes a study of the cleaning process and the environment of storage.Being the key of the conservation, the cleaning process is the first and the most important stage of the conservation of antique textile, which has a direct effect on the storage and the display, especially for the silk wovens. Generally speaking, the textiles excavated from the tombs are stored and displayed only after the cleaning process.As for the cleaning process, through consulting and summarizing a lot of literatures, I think it may include two stages: surface cleaning and washing. The former is a physical process. According to the variety and the condition of cultural relic and surface characteristic, the conservators choose the appropriate tool used for surface cleaning. If not, it maybe has a negative effect. The latter is a chemical process which can further get rid of the pollution stuck to textiles,. In cleaning process, distilled water is the most suitable substance which not only has very little damage to the silk textile but also has a good effect. However, in most cases the washing agent is needed. With regard to the washing agent, we should select the neutral or alkalescent agent. In addition, a cleaning procedure is done on a self-figured silk dating from Yuan Dynasty(A.D1296-1368). To minish the unnecessary damage, the agent confected by ourselves is used in the cleaning process. As antique silk is very precious, cleaning is made on the modern silk fabrics to get the appropriate parameters which almost have no damage to silks. According to the experiment, we get a conclusion as follows: pH and concentration have the obvious effect on the fabric damage, and the time and the temperature have little effect on it.Because of the particularity of the cultural relics, they can not be moved continually. Therefore, to improve the washing effect, ultrasonic wave wash is used in the washing procedure. As a result, ultrasonic wave can get rid of the solid dirt which is firmly stuck to the surface of the textile, and the effect is satisfying. But to the pollution which have become embedded in the fabrics, the effect is not satisfying. In a word, ultrasonic wave can be used in the washing procedure of the antique silks, but the fact must be considered.For the conservation of antique silks, storage is also important. According to a great deal of literatures and characteristic of the silk, Isummed up some outside factors which affect storage and provided some preventive measures.To keep the appreciation value and science value of cultural relics and come down from generation to generation, the conservation of ancient textile, including the antique silk fabric, is no time to delay.Kongxu更多还原