“中小企业—客户”社会资本与知识学习的关联机制和模式研究

【作者】 张波；

【导师】 魏江；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 在知识经济浪潮下，基于资源观视角，研究中小企业的客户知识学习对于中小企业的发展具有非常重要的意义。但目前中小企业对客户的知识学习存在着学习目标不明确等诸多问题。经过初步分析得知，这些问题主要源于双方的关系资产即社会资本的不足。因此，本文以中小企业与关键客户间的社会资本为切入点，探讨其与知识学习的关联机制，并分析在不同社会资本类型下的学习模式，从而总结出有效促进学习的方式以及模式，提高其竞争优势。 基于知识转移的视角，本文首先将中小企业向关键客户学习的过程划分为四个阶段：知识从客户传送、知识获取、知识吸收和知识开发。在界定上述变量的基础上提出了相应的关联机制模型，并通过九十余家企业的问卷调查验证假设。结果表明，社会资本通过影响转移过程中的知识模糊度、学习承诺和学习通道与产品相关知识获取产生关联，进而促进了产品提升。但在管理技能知识的获取与开发方面，该机制并不显著。然后，在综合考虑社会资本、学习机制、学习代理、学习类型、学习内容和行业等要素的基础上，本文归纳出四种学习模式，即基于计算型信任的学习模式、基于人际信任的学习模式、基于组织间信任的学习模式和基于全面信任的学习模式。经过对十多家企业的调查表明，基于全面信任的学习模式能够更好的促进学习。 最后，作者建议中小企业应当从改变竞争观念、培育与客户间的社会资本、建立有效学习平台的等三个方面构建与客户间学习的支撑体系，同时也应建立动态学习网络以及有意识的制造不稳定状态来防止掉入学习陷阱。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the knowledge economy era, the research on learning activities between SME and its clients has received significant attention in the Resource-Based-View literatures. But there are some hidden problems in the learning process, for example, SMEs have no specific scheme. In our preliminary analysis, these problems are mainly caused by the lack of relationship asset, i.e. social capital between the two parties. Therefore, by focusing on the social capital between SMEs and their key clients, this paper seeks to explore the relationship between social capital leverage and knowledge learning. On the basis of the results attained, the article continues to outline learning model inhabited in different types of social capital, which helps identify the most effective way in improving learning efficiency and competitive advantages of SMEs.Based on the knowledge transfering view, the paper initially describes the process of the learning from the key client as four stages: knowledge transfer from the client, knowledge acquisiton, knowledge assimilation and knowledge exploitation. After defining the variables outlined above, the paper presents a mechanism and therefore poses research hypothesises, which are tested by questionnaires to over ninety SMEs. Significant results show that social capital is related to product-oriented knowledge acquisition through the leverage of knowledge ambiguity, learning commitment and learning access. However, while looking from the angle of managerial knowledge acquisition and exploitation, the model seems to be insignificant. After taking into account the elements of social capital, learning mechanism, learning agent, learning types and the contents, the paper summarizes four models, i.e. the model based the calculated trust, the model based on the interpersonal trust, the model based on the interorganizational trust and the model based on the general trust. Evidences from over ten enterprises show that the learning model based on the general trust produces the best learning efficiency.Finally, the author suggests that SMEs should construct the supporting system by changing the traditional views on competitiveness, frostering social capital, and setting up the learning platform. Meanwhile, SME should avoid getting into the learning trap by constructing dynamic learning network and consciously breaking the equilibrium.更多还原