以人为本语文阅读教学与学生人文精神的养成教育

【作者】 李长虹；

【导师】 寇文魁；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 教育， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 学生人文精神的养成是二十一世纪基础教育课程改革和教学改革的重要环节与基本着眼点。本文在现代教育教学理论的指导下，吸取最新的教学研究成果，本着语文学科的特点和教学现状，研究和构建了中等专业学校语文“阅读教学与学生人文精神的养成教育”以及“养育——生成”人文精神的养成教学模式，旨在为中等专业学校语文教学与人才培养模式的研究、构建和应用，提供一定的理论参考和实践借鉴。 本文采取文献梳理、现象学方法、质的研究方法、调查问卷和综合分析等研究方法，并交叉综合运用，力求在借鉴中创新、在改革中深化。 本文包括五个部分，每部分的内容及成果如下： 第一部分，阅读及阅读教学面临的问题。着重对以往“阅读及阅读教学的现状和问题”及“传统语文教学对人文精神的遮弊”从理论上进行梳理和概括；进而从教学目标、教学关系、教学内容、教学对象、教学方法、教学结构、教学评价等七个方面阐述“人文精神——以人为本的语文阅读教学的紧迫呼唤”这一当今社会探索的理论课题对课程改革实施具有现实意义。 第二部分，以人为本的阅读教学的基础人本主义心理学。从人的内在潜能、人发挥潜能的愿望、外部环境对潜能的发挥等三个方面探讨人本主义心理学的主要思想，特别是通过人本主义学习观和人本主义教学观的分析，为语文阅读教学对学生人文精神养成的影响提供了较为充分理论依据。 第三部分，语文阅读教学中人文精神载体的选择。本部分阐述了以语文教材为人文精神的基础载体，并以此为窗口去向外括延，从中外文学作品、广播电视文学作品、报刊杂志、网络文学中广泛摄取养料，在潜移默化使学生人文底蕴得以提升。 第四部分，人文精神养成的课堂教学模式及实施策略。研究提出了语文阅读教学的“养育——生成”人文精神的养成教学模式，创造性地搭建了由活化——消解过程、教师导学行为、学生学习行为、养育——生成过程四个方面五个环节构成的教学模式范型，该部分从师生互动行为的角度，概括了模式内容的基本操作要点，以作为促成学生人文精神养成的实践依据。体现了较强的实践指导价值。 第五部分，调查问卷的统计及效果分析。问卷、访谈围绕“教师对学生的态度’夕、“人文精神养成方式”、“学生喜欢上阅读课的方式”、“学生获得知识的途径”四个方面进行调查，统计结果为我提供了许多启示。更多还原

【Abstract】 The cultivation of the students’ humanism is an important link and an essential point of the reform in the basic educational courses in the 21th century. Under the instruction of the modern teaching and educational theory, this paper has absorbed in the latest achievements in teaching research and has been based on the characters and the present teaching situation of the Chinese subject. Also, it has studied the theories of "Reading teaching and the cultivation of humanism" and then formed the "Nature-form" teaching pattern for the cultivation of humanism in the Chinese teaching in technical secondary schools .It is written for the purpose of providing the Chinese teaching with certain references in both theory and practice .This paper has used the methods of documentation combination, phenomenology, the studying of quality, questionnaire method and comprehensive analysis etc. Great effort has been made to bring forth ideas in reference and to be deepened in the reform.Five parts are included in this paper. They are:Part 1. Reading comprehension and the problem that the teaching in this aspect is facing.Theoretically summarize the two problems, one is "reading comprehension and the present situation and problems in the teaching of reading comprehension", another is "the obscure of humanism in traditional Chinese teaching". Then expound the practical significance of "humanism-urgent appealing for Chinese reading comprehension teaching based on the essence of human" from the following aspects: teaching aim, the relationships of teaching, the content of teaching, the target of teaching, the techniques of teaching, the structure of teaching and the teaching evaluation .Part 2. The basic human-centered thinking psychology for human’s reading teaching.The main idea of human-centered thinking psychology is probed from three aspects, the human’s intrinsic abilities, the desire of developing human’s abilities and the action of environment. Especially, through analyzing pointsof studying and teaching of human-centered thinking, the full theory basis ofChinese reading teaching is offered for the students to raise humanistic spirit.Part 3. The select of the carrier of humanism in the teaching of Chinese reading.It points out that we use the Chinese material as the basic carrier of humanism and use this as a window to extend outside. We can also get more informations from the works of Chinese and foreign literature, the broadcasting and TV literature newspapers and magazines and act literature.Part 4. Class teaching pattern under humanistic spirit and its operating strategies.The teaching pattern of breeding in Chinese reading was put forward after research and the four links of activity-understanding process, teachers’ direction behavior, students’ study, breeding-form process were set up creatively.In this part the key points of operating of the pattern content were summarized according to the practice of developing the habit of humanistic spirit. It is of great value of practical direction .Part 5. Statistics of research papers and their analysis of effect.The main questions in the condensed questionnaire are: how teachers treat students, how to develop humanistic, the pattern of reading lessons that students like and the ways by which students get knowledge. The result gave me a lot of ideas.更多还原