【作者】 张帆；

【导师】 赵小平；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 法律， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 法律是研究应然的科学，但其研究对象来源于社会现实，并服务于社会现实。在制定法律规范、规则的过程中，需要保护什么样的社会关系，对社会关系给予何种评价，面临一个利益选择问题，需要在保护动的安全和保护静的安全方面求得平衡和协调，以满足人们物质文化生活的需要。因此，随着市场经济的建立和完善，交易安全和交易秩序越来越受到人们的关注，诚信面临巨大的挑战的情况下，需要给动的安全以更多的保护。 权利外观理论，打破“意思自治”、“契约自由”这一传统民法认识，为保护交易安全、交易秩序，维护诚实信用找到了有力的武器和根据。“以表示主义为原则，意思主义为例外”的意思表示解释原则，为权利外观理论的实践化提供了有用的工具。 对表见民事法律行为的研究是对权利外观理论的具体化，使权利外观理论更具操作性。为制定规范、评价当事人的行为提供了一把有用的尺子。目前，对表见民事法律行为的研究还停留在对该行为的“个案”研究上。无法把握表见民事法律行为本质，为解决纠纷、制定规范带来了障碍，也不利于法律规范的类型化。意思表示不健全，即，内心意思和表示意思的不一致，是造成表见民事法律行为的主要原因。 表示意思和真实意思形成了外观事实和客观事实，相对人或者善意第三人究竟与何者形成合意，产生什么样的法律后果，涉及利益选择问题，从而导致两重民事法律关系结构，一个为表见的民事法律关系，一个真实的民事法律关系。保护那一个民事法律关系，不能一概而论，对于造成表见事实的行为人来讲，要看他是否有归责性，对于相对人和第三人来讲，应当是否有信赖利益可以保护。 保护善意相对人和善意第三人的利益是研究表见民事法律行为的意义所在，是维护正常交易秩序，弘扬诚实信用的需要。更多还原

【Abstract】 Law is the science to research the should-be, and the research objects come from the social reality, and serve the social reality. In the process of establishing the legal criterion and regulations, the need to protect what social relation and how to comment on the social relation is a problem of interests alternative, which needs to seek the balance and harmony in protecting the safety of both activeness and stillness to satisfy people’s material and spiritual demands. Thereby, with the establishing and developing of market economy, while people pay more and more attention to the transaction security and order, credits are facing enormous challenge. So it is necessary to provide more safety to the activeness.The theory of right appearance breaks the traditional understanding that civil laws consist of meaning independence and contract freedom, and finds the powerful weapon and foundation to protect the transaction security and order and maintain the honesty and credit. The explanation principle of meaning expression that takes the expressionism as principle and the meaning-ism as exception provides a useful tool for the implementation of the right appearance theory.The research of the appearing civil legal behavior is to concrete the right appearance theory, and make it more practical to operate, thus provide a useful ruler for the establishment of criterion and the judgment of the party. At present, the research of the appearing civil legal behavior still rests on the research of theindividual case of that behavior. The inability to dig into the appearing civil legal behavior lays barriers not only for the settlement of the disputes and the establishment of criterion but also for the classification of the legal criterion.No matter being called meaning expression flaws or incomplete meaning expression, the failure in correct meaning expression, that is, the disagreement between the heart-felt meaning and expression meaning, is the main reason of the appearing civil legal behavior.The difference between expression meaning and true meaning creates appearing fact and impersonal fact. The person with whom the opposite party and the goodwill third pan:y reach common understanding and the legal results thus caused, have connection with the problem of interests alternative. The choice brings to surface two structures of civil legal relations: appearing civil legal relation and real civil legal relation. It is not right to say generally which relation should be protected. To answer that, the behavior party who caused the appearing fact is to be judged whether he is responsible, and as for the opposite party and the third party, they are to be judged whether they have the reliable interests to protect.Protecting the interests of the goodwill opposite party and third party is the reason to research the appearing legal behavior and the need to be protected the normal transaction order and promote the honesty and credit.更多还原