【作者】 杨秀娟；

【导师】 任国栋；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 动物学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 土甲族Opatrini是重要的农、林、牧业害虫，隶属鞘翅目Coleoptera、拟步甲科Tenebrionidae、拟步甲亚科Tenebrioninae。全球已知82属约900种，我国22属149种。该类群分类研究已有160年的历史，目前已发展到系统总结阶段；我国土甲几乎全由外国学者定名，国内仅描述了1新属和8新种。目前尚无全面的区系分类研究工作，直接影响到本类群的世界整体进展。为改变这种落后局面，专门开展了本类群的分类研究。本文共计29万字，整体照片96幅，特征图850个，分总论和各论两大部分。 总论部分：详细介绍了土甲族的分类地位与分类系统、分类研究概况、研究材料及方法、形态特征、生物学特性与经济意义。依据中国种类，首次采用支序系统学原理及Hennig 86(1.5版)计算程序对我国土甲族14属的22个性状演变系列，进行了亲缘关系分析和推断，得出中国土甲族14属的系统发育关系不是1个单系的初步结论，即它们由2大分支组成：第1支为Mesomorphus单系，第2支由13个属共同形成一个单系；推断毛土甲属Mesomorphus可能是土甲族向扁足甲族Pedinini进化的过渡类型；另外13个属该单系分为2个次分支，第1次分支包括小土甲属Penthicinus、粒土甲属Psammestus和塞土甲属Caedius，进化级别依次升高；第2次分支包括漠土甲属Melanesthes、真土甲属Eumylada、方土甲属Myladina、笨土甲属Penthicus、景土甲属Jintaium、阿土甲属Anatrum、土甲属Gonocephalum、沙土甲属Opatrum、单土甲属Monatrum及伪坚土甲属Scleropatrum，各属进化级别依次升高，其中景土甲属Jintaium和阿土甲属Anatrum、单土甲属Monatrum和伪坚土甲属Scleropatrum亲缘关系分别较近，为两个姐妹群。根据已知种类，对世界和中国范围内土甲种类的区系组成和地理分布特征进行了首次分析，结论为：世界土甲族以西半球最丰富，古北区最多，其次为非洲区；我国土甲的主体成分是古北区种类，共有12属(54.5％)，其中11属(50％)分布于中亚地区，据此认为我国土甲在区系组成上以中亚成分为主；我国除土甲属Gonocephalum广泛分布外，绝大多数属均为狭域分布；蒙新区和华南区的特有属较多，说明中国土甲族具有中亚起源和热带起源两种可能；物种数量分布以蒙新区最多，华南区其次，呈现两极分布格局。 各论部分：首次对我国土甲族进行了全面系统的种类总结，共计描述了3亚族22属149种(亚种)，列出每种的同异名顺序及其引证文献、每种的形态描述、标本信息和分布，附有各种的形态图和特征图。科学新发现4种，新记录2属16种，新同物异名3个。新种为:粗壮漠土甲Me俪es路记s(oPatronesthes) gigas sP.nov.、粒刻漠土甲M.(即口枷esthes)gran“latu:sP.nov.、扁瘤单土甲砌勿”。介祝爪pl改osalinus sP.nov.和粗壮真土甲Eu柳l成如91口zdulosa sP.nov.;新记录为:粒土甲属尸‘口川加estu:Reich匆月t，1936、伪坚土甲属scleroPa如m Re itter， 1 890、宽粒土甲于伙口功爪“tu，dilatatu，扭eitter， 1 893)、宽摸土甲Me枷esthe，(叼云lanesthes)la材collis(Gebler， 1 830)、西伯利亚漠土甲材云勿”‘‘the，(材诊lanesthes)sibirica(F aldennann，1 833)、蒙古单土甲加防作口如m mongozieum Kasz北，1967、塞伪坚土甲scle兀，a如mse诚itzi Reitter， 1 898、小土甲GO noc印halum只限川陌姆um(steven，1 829)、显角土甲G山 ziensis Kaszab，1952、窄胸土甲e hauschi趾11 Kasz北，1952、松阿土甲Anatrum songori“m Reichardt，1936、弯笨土甲尸阴thicus(Pe nthicus) len卿iKaszab，1968、中间笨土甲p(Penthicus)iners(Menevilie，1832)、考氏笨土甲尸伽妙才。J艺口n)肋之口加evi Medvede从2954、钝突笨土甲尸伽妙ia而n)nojonicus(Kasz北，1965)、达氏笨土甲R伽ryl山方on)由v山众加爪‘i成ZV山众ha冲话i(K aszab，1965)、福笨土甲尸协勿勿成口n)加te;(Kaszab，1967)和布尔干笨土甲尸协勺范成口月)bulganicu，Medvedev， 1990;新同物异名:三齿漠土甲Melanesthe，伍幼”g口lesthes”而介刀tatu:Ren et Men，19%(Syn:n)[=宽粒土甲矛，“舰mestu:d“。tatu，扭eitter， 1 893)(S”.n.)];灵武摸土甲从伽份lanes认es)lin酬uensisRen，1993和波齿漠土甲Melanesthe:(加伦lanes路记s)“初滋刀tata Ren，1 993(Syn:n)[=荒漠土甲M.(从云王阴esthe:)desertora Ren，1993]。更多还原

【Abstract】 The tribe Opatrini, belonging to the family Tenbrionidae, is of great economic importance. Since Laporte de Dastelnau set up the tribe in 1840, known 82 genera with about 900 species are occupied. And its studying history is more than 160 years, now having entered a stage of systematic research. China is vast in territory and has a remarkably diverse fauna, but the study about this field has fallen far behind. The Opatrini in China is almost called to be described by the foreign scholar, only 1 new genus with 8 new species are found by the native scholar. At present, there is still no completely of systematic study on the tribe Opatrini in China, and then it will directly affect to the progress of the whole world. So in order to change this situation, the classification study on this field was carried out. This paper is composed of the general part and the classification part.In the general part, the classificatory station, Phologenitic classification, Summary of classification research, Material and methods, Morphological characters, Biology and Economical importance are introduced in detail.Using the Hennig 86 program makes a cladistic analysis of 14 genera from China. The cladogram shows that the Opatrini of 14genera in China is not a monophyly, Mesomorphus is a monophyly, and another monophyly is composed of others 13 genera.And according to the faunal analysis, We can conclude that Opatrini in China is mainly distributed in Palaearetic Region, hi which the number of genera makes up 59.1% (13 genera) of the total, including 50% (11 genera) in Middle Asian Subreahn, which Combined with distribution of this tribe in the world, So it isproposed that the Middle Asian Subrealm can be viewed as the core of distribution. Most of genera distributed in limited area, only Gonocephalum distributed in extensive area. Majority of the species are amassed in Mongolia-Xinjiang region and south-China region.In the classification part, 22 genera with 149 species in China are described, and documents, synonyms, distributions of each species are listed. Keys of genera and species are drawn up, its morphological characters are depicted, and photographs are taken. During this study, 4 species new to science are found. Furthermore, 2 genera 16 species are reported for the first time from China, and 3 new synonyms are found.1. New species:Melanesthes (Opatronesthes) gigas sp. nov. ( Table 1)Holotype: , Ningxia: Zhongwei, 1985-IV-21, Ren Guo-dong; Paratypes: 1 ,3 , the same as holotype.The new species is similar to Melanesthes (Opatronesthes) punctipennis Reitter, 1889 with the following differences:Melanesthes (Opatronesthes) granulates sp. nov.Holotype: , Qinghai: Xining Shi (2040 m), 1995-W-11, Ren Guo-dong.The new species is similar to Melanesthes (Opatronesthes) monatroides Reichardt, 1936 with theMonatrum placosalinus sp. nov.Holotype: 6 , Neimenggu: Baotou, 1991-VH-7, Ren Guo-dong; Paratypes -. 66 5,2? 2 , the same as holotype; 45 5,1$, Xilin Gol Meng, 1987- 1V-4, Guo Chao-yuan.The new species is similar to Monatrum mongolieum Kaszab, 1967 with the following differences:Eumylada glandulosa sp. nov.Holotype: 5, Neimenggu: Alxa Zuoqi, 1987-VB-27; Paratypes: 8 5 6,109 $ , die same as holotype; 135 6 , 302 $ , AlxaYouqi, 1988-VI-9; 166 6 , 262 2 , AlxaYouqi, 1992-Vtt; Ren Guo-dong. The new species is similar to Eumyladapunctifera (Reitter, 1889) with the following differences:All the type specimens are deposited in the Museum of Hebei University更多还原