【作者】 周瑶琴；

【导师】 欧阳林；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 实用主义哲学是产生于美国的重要西方哲学流派，其本质上是一种唯心主义哲学。实用主义哲学奉信立足现实、目的明确、讲求实效的价值观，并具有个体性、相对性和功利性的特点。实用主义哲学对大学生的价值观的影响由来已久，贯穿于改革开放以来的大部分历程，其间掀起了三次高潮。当前实用主义对大学生价值观的影响可归入第三次高潮，与前两次相比，具有广度上的普遍性和影响上的浅表性特点。具体体现在：关注现实，理想淡化；知识汲取积极主动，但功利浮躁；人际交往协作互利，却谙于世故；闲暇活动丰富多彩，同时有关注自我；择业就业不惜血本，不择手段。实用主义对大学生价值观产生的影响是利与弊兼而有之，有其积极的正效应，又有其消极的负面影响，对此，应客观地、辩证地看待，不能一概而论、一锤定音。当前之所以形成实用主义哲学对大学生价值观产生影响的第三次高潮，是有深刻的外因与内因的。首先，从社会大环境上看，全球化、信息化时代的到来，强化了西方文明的示范性； 随着知识经济的呼之欲出，知识的工具性价值突显；我国市场经济体制改革的进一步深入，与市场经济相适应的价值观念与实用主义有内在兼容性。其次，从学校小环境上看，近年来的高等教育体制改革对大学生的切身利益产生了深刻的影响。高等教育大众化带来的收费上学，自主择业等，使大学生的经济压力、学习压力和就业压力加重；高等教育产业化，导致高等教育目的功利化，本应属于大学的理想主义精神流失。再次，从大学生自身来看，他们这一年龄所特有的生理、心理特点，价值观还没有完全定型，为受实用主义的影响提供了内在的接受机制。基于上述的理论、现状分析和原因探讨，可对大学生正确价值观的引导教育作初步的尝试性探索。主要从强化思想政治教育的显性引导和发挥大学精神的隐性濡化两方面着手，并把二者有机的结合起来。从思想政治教育的角度来说，以马克思主义为指导的理想信念教育、以为人民服务为核心、以集体主义为原则的价值导向的倡导，对学生进行马克思主义革命功利主义的功利观教育等教育内容，在新的历史条件下，不仅没有过时，相反，还应该进一步强化。从大学精神的隐性濡化作用角度来说，大学精神对大学生的价值观具有持久、潜移默化的影响，因而要有意识的培养大学的理想主义精神。把显性的思想政治教育引导与隐性的大学精神濡化作用有机结合起来，并将之贯穿于大学生价值观教育的始终，达到最佳功效。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pragmatism is an important western philosophical sect school born in America. Essentially, it is an idealist philosophy. Pragmatism holds the idea of basing on reality, with clear purpose and seeking for actual effect. Also, it is characterized as individuality, relativity and utility.The impact of pragmatism on university students’ value has a long history, running through most time of reforming and opening-door period with three climaxes. This time is the third one. Compared with the former two, the impact of pragmatism on students is characterized by its generality and superficiality. In detail, they pay more attention to reality than ideal. They gain knowledge actively but very utilitarian at the same time. Their interrelationship is harmonious but too worldly somehow. Their spare-time is colorful, but personal value is more highly valued than collective honor. As for hunting job, they would attain their ends by hook or by crook. Objectively speaking, the impact of pragmatism on university students has both advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, positive and active effect co-exists. One should not lump under one head when speaking of the impact.There are deep external causes and internal causes for the forming of the third climax. Firstly, under micro social circumstance, accompanied by the coming of globalization and information age, western culture plays an exemplary role. Knowledge is seen as an instrument in the upcoming knowledge economy age. Also, our country is trying to build market-economy, the spirit of which is connected with pragmatism, and this makes pragmatic value more acceptable by the public. Secondly, speaking from university itself, the reforming of higher education has great effect on students’ interest. Popularization of higher education bring about paying for education and hunting job by students themselves, the result of which makes students facing heavier economic, learning and employment stress. At the same time, industrialization of higher education leads to the utilization of it, which causes the loss of idealism on campus. Thirdly, speaking from students themselves, due to their physical and psychological traits, the unsteadiness of their view of value provides the possibility for accepting the popular pragmatic ideas.Therefore, based on the analysis of theory, present situation and reasons mentioned. The purpose of this dissertation is trying to provide some guidance in forming the right value among university students. It mainly sets out from two aspects, one is to strengthen the function of ideological and political education, the other is to give a play to campus culture, the hidden nature of which may exert a gradual, uplifting influence on students, and combines these two organically. As to the former aspect, under the leadership of Marxist ideal and faith, advocating the value guidance which concentrates on the idea of serving for the people and collective principle. Under the new situation, ideas such as Marxist revolutionary utilitarian are<WP=5>not out of date. On the country, they must be emphasized more. As to the later aspect, it has a gradual and long-term influence on students. Thus to cultivate idealism on campus is very important. To combining the educational aspect and the influential aspect organically and to carry it throughout the university years of student, we may reach the best result.更多还原