【作者】 孙明昌；

【导师】 曾京；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 车辆工程， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 城市规模的扩大和发展模式的变化，不仅使城市公共交通发生了数量上的变化，而且也提出了质量上的更高要求。改善大城市的公共交通问题，除传统的地面轨道交通外，许多工业发达国家都大力发展较为完善的城市轨道交通系统，形成一个由地面、地下和空中组合而成的立体式公共交通网。轻轨交通作为一种有效的交通方式，近几年已在世界上各国大城市得到了迅速发展，我国也有十几座城市计划或正在建设轻轨交通。为了降低噪声、振动、提高乘坐舒适性、降低轮轨作用力及提高轮轨疲劳寿命，弹性轮对车辆的诞生就成为城市公共交通发展的必然产物。 弹性轮对车辆在国外轻轨交通上已使用较为广泛，但在国内还在起步时期，关于弹性轮对车辆系统动力学及橡胶非线性常数等的报道很少。论文在国内首次系统地对弹性轮对的结构、橡胶非线性常数的选取及弹性轮对车辆系统动力学进行了较深入的研究，对我国发展弹性轮对车辆有一定的理论指导意义。 由于弹性轮对结构的复杂性和特殊性，所以在结构选型时要特别注意其安全性和维修方便，结构尽量简单，且不可只追求新技术和新发展方向，一定要符合国情。仅从结构来讲，弹性轮对垂向和轴向刚度的比率是最重要的。因此，文中较为详细地说明了国外几种常用的型式及新型结构。 首先建立了弹性轮对车辆／轨道垂向耦合系统动力学模型，其中车辆的自由度为18个，即车体、构架的浮沉和点头运动，车轴的浮沉运动及轮对的浮沉运动（左右侧车轮，不包括车轴）。推导了弹性轮对车辆／轨道垂向耦合系统振动微分方程。其次通过输入脉冲型激扰，对弹性轮对车辆／轨道垂向耦合系统进行了轮轨力、轮轨接触压力和车轴及构架加速度的动力学仿真，并与刚性轮对车辆的计算结果进行了比较和分析，优化了橡胶的刚度。 在弹性轮对有限元计算中，分析了橡胶硬度与橡胶力学常数C₁和C₂的一般关系。给出了C₁和C₂的实验方法，并确定了弹性轮对中的C₁和C₂的值。对弹性轮对进行了应力、变形和模态计算分析，并与刚性轮对的结果相比较。同时，研究了橡胶的本构参数对弹性轮对静强度的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the extensions of city scopes and the varieties of city developing modes, the public transport requires not only large quantity but also high quality. To ameliorate the public traffic problems, the perfect urban rail transport systems have been developed in many developed countries except the traditional road traffic, which have formed a solid urban rapid rail traffic network including ground, underground and over-ground. As an effective traffic, light rail transit has been widely adopted by many large cities in the world, and more than 10 cities in our country are planning or building the light rails in our country. To reduce noise, vibration and wheel/rail force, and improve ride comfort and fatigue life of wheel/rail, the resilient wheelset becomes the inevitable outcome of urban public traffic.The resilient wheelset has been widely used in light rail transit abroad, but it is in an initial phase domestically. There are very few publications on the resilient wheelset vehicle system dynamics and the nonlinear constants of the rubber that is used in wheelset. The present thesis makes a thorough research on the resilient wheelset structure, the selecting of the rubber nonlinear constants and vehicle system dynamics for the first time in our country. It provides the theoretical foundation for developing vehicle equipped with resilient wheelsets in China.Because the structure of the resilient wheelset is complicated and special, it is specially noticed that safety, maintenance and simplicity should be taken into account in selecting the structure type. In light of the situation of our country, it is unreasonable to blindly seek after new technology and developing direction. The ratio of its vertical stiffness to lateral stiffness is very important in structure design. Therefore, a few common and recent structure modes of the resilient wheelset abroad are described in detail in the thesis.The dynamic model of the vehicle-track vertical coupling system with resilient wheelsets is set up. 18 degrees of freedom are taken into consideration in the vehicle model, including bounce motions of carbody, bogie frame, axle and wheel, and pitch motions of carbody and bogie frame. On the basis of the above model, the differential equations of the coupling system are derived. By inputting impulsiveexcitation, the dynamic simulation of vertical wheel/rail force, wheel/rail contact stress and accelerations of axle and bogie frame for resilient wheelset system is carried out and the results are analyzed and compared with the system of rigid wheelset. In additions, the stiffness of rubber is optimized.In the finite element calculation of resilient wheelset, the general relation between rubber hardness and rubber mechanical constant symbolized by C1 and C2 is analyzed. Experiment method of C1 and C2 is presented, and the constants are determined. Stresses, deformations and modalities of the resilient wheelset are analyzed. The calculative results are compared with those of the rigid wheelset. Study on the influence of constitutive parameters of rubber on static strength of the resilient wheelset is also carried out.更多还原