【作者】 王平；

【导师】 武振业；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 企业管理， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 由于全球贸易活动的日益频繁，海运业在过去的十年中获得了稳步的增长。而集装箱班轮运输更是其中增长最为迅速的部分。90年代中期以来，随着新一轮的运力扩张，航运市场供过于求，竞争日趋激烈。各公司在主营业务收入大幅下降的情况下，纷纷将目标集中到成本管理上。在班轮公司的各项营运成本中，集装箱管理成本已经成为仅次于港口使费的第二大成本，占到整个营运成本的五分之一左右，而空箱调运费和集装箱租赁费这两项与集装箱空箱分派密切相关的费用又占集装箱管理成本的55％。因此，有效地组织空箱的流动，提高集装箱空箱的分派效率对船公司至关重要。 本文在分析空箱分派系统的随机性、动态性、复杂性和时间空间限制型等主要特征的基础上，结合我国船公司集装箱空箱分派依靠人为经验管理的现状，找出了在空箱分派系统中起关键作用的基本要素——供给港和需求港、空箱需求和供给、空箱库存保有量、空箱租赁、空箱分派系统计算期等，确定了空箱分派系统要实现的主要目标，即船公司收益和托运人满意度。按照单箱种和多箱种的区分，构造了一系列基于机会约束规划的海上空箱分派模型，在模型中提出了处理不确定数据的有效方法，并运用Matlab软件对随机单箱种空箱分派模型进行了数字仿真分析。 本文的结构如下：第一章：介绍了问题产生的时代背景，阐述了研究集装箱分派问题的主要原因、理论价值和现实意义，分析了国内外的研究现状。第二章：对集装箱空箱分派系统的运作过程进行了描述，分析其特点，并找出其中起决定作用的关键要素，对空箱分派系统的主要目标——船公司收益和托运人满意度进行了定性分析、设定和评判。第三章和第四章：建立一系列基于机会约束规划的随机线性规划模型来处理集装箱空箱分派问题的动态性和不确定性特征。第五章：在已建立模型的基础上，运用MATLAB软件进行数字仿真分析，验证本文建立的模型在实际中的应用并找出集装箱空箱分派系统的内在规律。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the global trade becomes more and more frequent, marine business has also obtained steady developments during the past ten years. Since the mid-1990’s, as a new round of capacity expansion, supply exceeds demand in the shipping market and competition grows more and more vehement. In many shipping companies, the income of head operations decreased. So they began to concentrate on cost management one after another. In the various operating costs of a shipping company, container management cost has become the second largest cost only inferior to the cost of ports fee, accounts for nearly 20% of the total operation cost. At the same time, empty container allocation fee and container leasing fee which are highly related to the empty container allocation system account for 55% of the container management cost. As a result, it’s central to the shipping company to organize the flow of empty containers effectively and raise the efficiency of empty container allocation.On the basis of analyzing the main characters of empty container allocation system and referring to the depending on personal experience actuality of empty container management of China shipping companies, this thesis detected the essential factors, that is, demand port and supply port, demand and supply of empty containers, stocks of empty containers, leasing containers and counting period of empty container allocation system, which mostly affect the empty container allocation system and confirmed the main purposes of the empty container allocation system. Differentiating between single type and multi types of containers, this paper established a series of ocean empty container allocation models grounded on the chance-constrained programming. Author put forward an effective way of handling uncertain data in the models and gave simulations to the empty container allocation models using Matlab.The structure of this paper is as follows: First chapter: introduce the social background of the empty container allocation problem, expatiate the main cause, theory value and practical meaning of studying thisproblem and analyze the research status in quo of the problem. Second chapter: describe the operating process of empty container allocation system and analyze its main characters, detect the essential factors which mostly affect the system, make qualitative analysis, enactment and judgement of the main purposes- minimum cost and consigner’s satisfaction梠f the empty container allocation system. Third and forth chapter: establish a series of stochastic linear programming models grounded on the chance-constrained programming to handle the dynamic and uncertain character of the empty container allocation problem. Fifth chapter: give simulations to the established models using Matlab, validate the practical application of the model and find out the internal rules of the empty container allocation system.更多还原