【作者】 葛介超；

【导师】 唐波；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 分析化学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 金属氧化物纳米材料已经被广泛应用于制作催化剂，精细陶瓷，复合材料，磁性材料，荧光材料，湿敏性传感器及红外吸收材料等领域。近几年，一维纳米材料的制备研究正在成为纳米材料研究的热点。因此本论文开展制备一维纳米氧化物并研究其性能变化，为其应用提供理论基础。本论文共分为五章：第一章综述了金属氧化物纳米材料的制备方法和研究现状，突出水热、溶剂热法的应用前景，最后展望了其发展趋势。分零维材料和一维材料两节来介绍。第二章以溶胶—溶剂热法制备了氢氧化镧纳米棒，讨论了溶剂热体系pH值、反应时间、反应温度对产物形貌的影响；并首次运用微波辐射干燥法对氢氧化镧纳米棒进行干燥来制备氧化镧纳米棒，结果发现，这种干燥法比传统干燥法更能有效地保持产物的棒状形貌；探讨了纳米棒生成的机理。第三章采用溶胶—水热法，以无机盐为原料，在没有表面活性剂和模板参与的情况下，合成出了一维氧化铝纳米结构；讨论了产生前驱物的pH值、沉淀剂的滴加速度、水热反应体系的pH值对产物形貌的影响；对一维γ-Al₂O₃纳米结构的红外光谱进行了测试，首次发现在一维γ-Al₂O₃纳米结构的红外光谱中存在着红移和蓝移并存的现象并对其给予了合理的解释。第四章对钙钛矿型复合氧化物一维纳米材料的合成路线进行了有益的探索。重点对LaFeO₃一维纳米材料的合成路线进行了探索，得到了复合LaFeO₃／La₂O₃／Fe₂O₃一维纳米材料，对其性能的测试正在进行中。对本章实验提出了阶段性建议。第五章在合成一维氧化物纳米材料的探索中，用不同方法得到的一系列氧化物纳米粒子。总结如下：（1）首次利用同一个实验，得到了La（OH）₃纳米球和α-Fe₂O₃纳米晶两种截然不同的产物。（2）对CeO₂纳米晶的合成新方法进行了探索，首次用水热氧化还原反应来制备CeO₂纳米晶，从实验结果看，有望得到CeO₂一维纳米材料。（3）利用新的合成路线制备了分散性较好，粒径均匀的α-Fe₂O₃纳米颗粒。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nanostructured metal oxides have been widely used in the preparation of catalysts, refined ceramics, compound materials, magnetic materials, fluorescent materials, humidity-sensitive sensors and infrared-absorptive materials. In resent years, one-dimensional (1D) nanostructured material is growing to be the hotspot of the studies of nanostructured materials. Herein, the thesis gave emphasis to the synthesis of metal oxides and further investigated the changes in their properties, laying the foundation for their applications. There are five chapters:1. A review on the synthetic methods and study status in quo of nanostructured metal oxides was given, emphasizing on the prospect of applications of hydrothermal/solvothermal technology and the development tendency was presented in the end. It includes two sections: zero dimensional nanostructured material and one dimensional nanostructured material.2. La(OH)3 nanorods were synthesized in sol-solvothemial method. The effect of pH value, reaction time, and reaction temperature of the solvothermal system on the product morphologies was discussed. Microwave radiation drying was firstly used to dry La(OH)3 nanorods to produce La2O3 nanorods and the results revealed that microwave radiation drying could remain the rod morphology of the products more effectively than the conventional drying did. The mechanism of the nanorod growth was discussed.3. ID nanostructured Al2O3 was synthesized in sol-hydrothermal method using inorganic salts as raw materials without any surfactants or templates. The effect of pH value of precursor creation, the addition rate of the precipitator and the pH value of the hydrothermal system on the product morphologies was discussed. The infrared spectra of 1D nanostructured gamma-Al2O3 were found to have red-shift and blue-shift coexist after specific investificaton and rational interpretations were given.4. The synthetic route of perovskite 1D nanostructured compound oxides wasemployed, emphasizing on 1D nanostructured LaFeO3. 1D nanostructured LaFeO3/ La2O3/Fe2Od3 was obtained, and its property investigations were in press. Suggestions for this experiment of the moment were given.5. In the investigation of the synthesis of ID nanostructured oxides, different methods were employed to produce nanostructured oxides as follows: (1) La(OH)3 nanospheres and alpha-Fe2O3 nanocrystals in completely different morphologies were obtained in the same experiment. (2) The new synthetic route for CeO2 nanocrystals was employed. Hydrotherraal redox was firstly used to prepare CeO2 nanocrystals and ID nanostructured CeO2 was expected to obtain observed from the experimental results. (3) Better dispersed a - Fe2O3 nanoparticles with even size was synthesized in new synthetic route.更多还原