【作者】 任强；

【导师】 史铁钧；

【作者基本信息】 合肥工业大学 ， 材料学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文通过熔融插层法制备了插层型的聚丙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料，通过原位插层共聚法制备了剥离型的聚丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺／蒙脱土高吸水性纳米复合材料。在聚丙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备中首先采用了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（HTAB）为插层剂对Na-蒙脱土进行有机化处理，使蒙脱土层间距从1.2nm扩大到了3.84nm。另外使用水溶性单体丙烯酰胺在蒙脱土悬浮液中进行原位插层聚合得到蒙脱土完全剥离的有机蒙脱土。非极性的聚丙烯与蒙脱土的相容性很差，所以本论文采用悬浮接枝法制取了聚丙烯接枝丙烯酸作为相容剂。以HTAB为插层剂得到的聚丙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料中，当土含量为1％，2％，3％时，复合材料中蒙脱土的层间距分别为4.61nm，4.2nm和4.09nm。说明得到的为插层型纳米复合材料。当土含量为2％，相容剂用量为15％时力学性能最好，缺口冲击强度和拉伸强度分别达到16.45 kJ／m²和35.77MPa，分别比纯PP增加了280％和4.3％，蒙脱土的加入起到了增韧和增强的双重作用。以AM为插层剂得到的聚丙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料中，蒙脱土保持剥离状态，但力学性能不理想，当土含量为0.5％时，材料的冲击强度为9.58 kJ／m²，拉伸强度为25.5 MPa。偏光显微镜照片表明有机蒙脱土的加入使聚丙烯的球晶明显细化，广角X射线衍射表明有机蒙脱土的加入诱发了聚丙烯β晶型的产生，冲击断口扫描电镜分析结果表明，冲击断口明显具有韧性断裂的特性。运用Jeziorny法和Mo法研究了聚丙烯和复合材料的非等温结晶过程，所得到的非等温结晶过程动力学参数T_p，n，Z_c，t_1/2，ΔH，F（t），E的数值表明，有机蒙脱土的加入可以起到异相成核的作用，从而提高PP的结晶温度，加快PP的结晶速率，降低PP的结晶活化能，但同时也会降低PP的结晶度。在聚丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺／蒙脱土高吸水性复合材料研究中，考察了引发剂，交联剂和蒙脱土添加量对所得复合材料吸水能力的影响。XRD表明所得复合材料中的蒙脱土已完全剥离。DSC表明蒙脱土的引入提高了共聚物的T_g。吸水速率和加压保水能力测试表明，一维纳米级蒙脱土片层的引入能在一定程度上提高高吸水性树脂的初期吸水速度和加压下的保水能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this thesis, intercalated polypropylene/montmorillonie nanocomposite was prepared by melt intercalation and exfoliated AA-co-AM/montmorillonite nanocomposite was prepared by in-situ copolymerization.HTAB was used to modify Na-montmorillonite(Na-MMT) and the interlayer spacing of MMT increased from 1.2 nm to 3.84nm.In addition, water-soluble monomer was used to in-situ polymerize in the suspension of montmorillonite and exfoliated organic MMT was preprared.Nonpolar polypropylene has bad compatibility with MMT even after organic modification to MMT. So polypropylene(PP) grafting acrylic acid was produced by the suspension grafting method as compatilizer.As PP/MMT nanocomposites prepared from HTAB modified MMT as concerned, the interlayer spacing of MMT is 4.61nm,4.2nm and 4.09nm respectively when the MMT content is 1%,2% and 3%.So,the abtained nanocomposites has intercalated structure. The mechanical tests result showed that when the MMT content is 2% and the compatilizer content is 15%,the PMC has best mechanical property. The izod impact strength is 16.45 kJ/m2 and the tensile strength is 35.77 MPa, increasing 280% and 4.3%, compared with pure PP.The POM photo indicated that the O-MMT can reduce the scale of spherical crystal of PP. The WXRD characterization showed that O-MMT possessed obvious nucleation effect on the crystallization process of B-PP. Jeziorny and Mo methods were used to study the non-isothermal crystallization process. The obtained value of kinetics parameters such as Tp,n,Zc,t1/2, A H, F(t),E showed that the O-MMT has nucleation effect in crystallization of PP and can increases the crystallization temperature of PP, quickens the crystallization velocity, decreases the crystallization activation energy of PP but decreases the crystallization degree of PP at the same time.The effect of initiator and cross-linker on water absorption of obtained superabsorbent nanocomposites was studied. X-Ray diffractograms shows MMT in obtained nanocomposites has exfoliated structure. DSC for the nanocomposites showed the Glass Transition Temperature(Tg) of the nanocomposites increases slightly as the MMT content increases. Water absorption velocity and water retentivity under pressure tests showed the addition of montmorillonite(MMT) canimprove the beginning absorption velocity and water retentivity for pure superabsorbent resin.更多还原