【作者】 许俊峰；

【导师】 吴进才；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 农业昆虫和害虫防治， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 本文报道了稻田常用的5种农药(扑虱灵，吡虫啉，井冈霉素，杀虫双，三唑磷)对水稻3个品种(秀水110，秀水63，镇稻2号)生理生化的影响。结果表明在药后3天，5种农药处理均导致水稻体内草酸含量不同程度的下降，多数农药对秀水110、镇稻2号的影响大于秀水63；农药对还原糖的影响不明显；对叶绿体含量的影响在不同品种间有差异，5种农药处理均引起镇稻2号叶绿素含量显著下降，三唑磷、吡虫啉、井冈霉素对秀水63影响较大，扑虱灵、杀虫双则不明显；农药对谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)的影响也因品种和农药而异，同样对秀水63的影响小于镇稻2号和秀水110，但对镇稻2号除三唑磷处理GST显著下降外，吡虫啉、井冈霉素、杀虫双处理GST显著上升，扑虱灵处理对GST影响不大；5种农药严重影响了3个水稻品种的光合速率，几乎所有处理光合速率均显著的被抑制，最大可达30％，其中对镇稻2号和秀水110的影响大于秀水63。应用放射性同位素示踪的方法，在作物活体条件下，采用多探头作物活体养分测量仪采集了不同处理时水稻功能叶片标记光合产物的存留动态数据，运用动力学分析的原理和方法，建立了隔室分析模型和数学描述公式，求解了相应的输出速率常数K值。比较分析结果表明：施用供试农药后，均不同程度地降低了水稻叶片标记光合产物的输出速率，随着施药浓度的增加，产生的效应就越大；叶片光合速率强度的降低是造成叶片光合产物输出速率下降的主要原因之一。氮磷钾含量的下降，特别是磷钾含量的下降一方面影响了植株本身的生长发育，另一方面也影响了植物抵御外来病虫害侵袭的能力，同时钾含量的下降也是影响植物光合速率下降的一个重要的原因。由于氮的含量在植物体内相对稳定，扬州大学硕士论文所以影响不大。农药对水稻抗性的影响实验结果表明，丁草胺的持效期超过了16d;农药处理和对照(不使用农药)水稻受害级别和处理后天数(DAT)之间存在线形关系，方程为Y=4 .6542一0.2853x，二一0.9164*‘。分靡数和株高也受到影响。这说明在农药处理后，分孽数减少和株高下降，这分别和处理后天数存在二次抛物线方程。这里，YT和YH分别是分桑数或者株高的下降。X是处理后天数。YT=0 .66557+o.1367ox一o.oo92xZR=0.9469”(Ro刃一0.5580)vH=一0 .45220+o.gl99x一o.o46xZ卜0.8931”(Ro刃l=o，5580)。更多还原

【Abstract】 Influences of five pesticides (buprozine, imidaclopridjinggangmycin, bisultap and triazophos)on the physiology and biochemistry in three rice varieties (Xioushui110,Xioushui63,Zhendao2 ) were reported in this paper. The result showed that all of 5 pesticides caused decline of the amount of oxalic acid at 3 day after treatments. The effects of pesticides on Xiushui110 and Zhendao 2 were greater than that of Xiushui63.However there was no obvious effect of the pesticides on reducing sugar. The impacts of pesticides on chlorophyll varied as rice varieties. All pesticides caused significant decline of chlorophyll content of Zhendao2. For Xiushui 63,triazophos, imidacloprid and jinggangmycin had serious impact, while buprofezin and bisultap had hardly impact. Among 5 pesticides, triazophos had more serious effect on rice plant. The effects of pesticides on glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were different as pesticides and rice varieties. The impacts of pesticides on GST in rice plant also varied as rice varieties and pesticides. For Zhengdao2,other four pesticides treatments resulted in significant increase of GST except buprofezin; for Xiushui63,imidacloprid treatment caused significant decline of GST, other treatment hardly had impact; for Xiushui 110,other pesticide treatments caused decline of GST except jinggangmycin.All pesticide treatments resulted in serious impacts on photosynthesis rates of three rice varieties, significantly inhibiting the rates, and the maximally reaching 30% of photosynthesis decline rate. Dynamics data of photosynthate of labeled rice functional leaves of different treatments were recorded with living plant nutrient detection instrument with multi-probes through tracer method of radioactive nuclide. Compartment analysis model and mathematical equations were constructed usingprinciple and method of dynamics analysis, calculating constant(K) of export rate. The result showed that export rate of photosynethate of labeled leaf was reduced after treatments by pesticides. This impact was positively correlated with decline of export rate of photosynthate of the leaf and mainly attributed to the reduction of photosynthesis rate. Pesticides treatments caused decline of nitrogen, phosphate and kalium. Especially the decline of phosphate and kalium either inhibited the development of rice plant or decreased the resistance to pests, and also a main cause of the photosynethate decline of rice.Lasting effects of the pesticides on decline of rice resistance showed that effects of butachlor on rice resistance exceeded 16 days, difference of damage ratings between treated rice and control (no-pesticides) (that of treated rice - that of control) gradually decreased with the days after treatment (DAT). Linear regression equation was constructed for the difference (Y) and DAT (X). The equation is Y=4.6542-0.2853X, r=-0.9164 . Tiller number and plant height were also influenced. Relationships between values of decrease of tiller and plant height in comparison with control and DAT were fitted into following two quadratic parabola equation, respectively. YT=0.66587+0.13670X-0.0092X2 R=0.9469(R0.01=0.8580) YH=-0.45220+0.9199X-0.046X2 R=0.8931 (R0.01=0.8580).更多还原