贵州喀斯特适生经济植物迷迭香的耐旱性研究

【作者】 余天虹；

【导师】 陈训； 杨龙； 刘宁；

【作者基本信息】 贵州师范大学 ， 自然地理学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究是针对贵州喀斯特高原脆弱生态区日益恶劣的生态环境，以区域可持续发展为目标，对新型资源植物迷迭香（Rosmarinus officinalis）在喀斯特生境中的耐旱性进行研究。从形态学、栽培学和生理学三方面对迷迭香进行生态解剖、石灰土上的栽培实验以及光合蒸腾速率日进程的分析，得出以下结论：（1）在形态解剖上：迷迭香具有发达的根系，较小的叶面积，叶片下表面密被绒毛，气孔密度大，开度小，厚的角质层和发育良好的木质部和栅栏组织等典型的旱生结构。（2）在生长发育上，迷迭香具有较大的分枝能力，适宜选择春季和秋季温暖、雨量不多的时期扦插，一般在10月和4月最佳，要求排水良好的地势和土壤，土壤湿度应保持在15％-70％之间。（3）在生理上，迷迭香的蒸腾速率日进程为单峰曲线，与喀斯特生境中的大多数树种相一致，峰值为0.1908g.g^-1.h^-1，比喀斯特低峰形低耗水型植物的峰值还低。蒸腾速率日进程与光照强度为显著正相关，偏相关系数为0.849^**；不同土壤含水量下迷迭香的光合水分利用效率（WUE）不同，受到干旱处理的植株光合水分利用效率低。因此，迷迭香具有一定耐水分胁迫的能力，其适应干旱的主要方式和途径是低耗水和减少蒸腾失水，在贵州喀斯特石灰土生境中不仅能够生长，而且在土壤相对含水量为15％-70％时长势良好。更多还原

【Abstract】 Aiming at the increasinly bad ecosystem environment in the weak ecosystem area of Guizhou Karst Plateau , my paper made a research on a New Resources Plant’s(Rosmarinus offwinalis) drought-esistant feature in order to develop sustainably in certain areas. The paper made an ecological anatomy , a cultivation experiment on the lime -soil habtat and an analysis on the diurnal variation of photosynthetic an transpiration rate from three aspects of morphology , transplantation , physiology . The conclusion is that: (1) From the viewpoint of morphological anatomy , it has typical xerophyte structure such as strong root system , small leaf area , dense floss under the leaf surface , high stomatal density , the small opening degree , developed vessels and palisade tissues etc . (2) From the viewpoint of growth , it has powerful branching ability . It is suitable to be transplanted in warm seasons such as spring and autumn , or in small rainfull period , and generally it is optimal in October and April. It is also suitable in topography and soil with good discharge capacity , and soil humidity should remain from 15% to 70% . (3) From the viewpoint of physiology , its diurnal variation of transpiration rate seems to be a single peak curves which is consistant with the majority of trees in Guizhou Karst habitat, and whose maxium is 0.1908g.g-1.h-1 , that is smaller than that of low peak form and the weak water-consuming type . There is a significant positive correlation between the diurnal variation of transpiration rate and sunlight , and its partial correlation coefficient is 0.849 **; WUE (Water use efficiency ) is different under different soil water content , and WUE of dry plants is low . Therefore , Rosmarinus officinalis has the water stress capacity , and its main means of adapting to drought is to decrease water consumption and transpiration ;not only can it grow in lime-soil habitat of Guizhou Karst, but it can grow very well in the soil with the water content between 15% to 70% .更多还原