【作者】 郭亦然；

【导师】 陈放；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 植物学， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 苦瓜Mormodica charantia L.是一种常见蔬菜，同时作为传统药物，在全世界范围内广泛应用。现代的植物化学、药理学研究发现，苦瓜中具有降血糖、抗肿瘤、抗病毒等多种药理活性。为了更好地研究与开发利用这一资源，本文从两个方面进行了研究。 1．完成了苦瓜子的生药学鉴定。 苦瓜子有特殊刺激性气味；其粉末中，螺纹导管多见；外种皮厚壁细胞多见，木化；外种皮石细胞较多，类多边形，木化，成团或单个散在，壁厚，纹孔沟明显；外种皮木薄壁细胞较多。在横切面上可见其种仁油细胞继续排列成行。 利用薄层层析方法，在0.5％ CMCNa板上，用氯仿：甲醇：水（10:3:1）下层展开，香草醛硫酸液显色，苦瓜子的正丁醇提取液与苦瓜甙A在相同R₁值处有一相同颜色的斑点。 2．对苦瓜药用活性成分的研究。 通过化学成分测试，从苦瓜组织培养中检出蛋白质、糖类和皂甙类化合物。 用HPLC检定不同产地、品种及苦瓜植株不同部位样品，在成都、阳、重庆三地相同品种样品中，以成都样品苦瓜甙A含量最高；同一产地的“大白苦瓜”、“长白苦瓜”、“青皮苦瓜”三个样品中，以“长白苦瓜“的苦瓜甙A含量最高；在苦瓜不同植株不同部位样品中，以苦瓜子中甙A含量最高。更多还原

【Abstract】 Bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) is a popular vegetable which also be used worldwide as a traditional medicine for colic, worms, heliosis, dysentery, diabetes etc. Activities of antidiabetic, antitumor, antibiotic and antiviral have been reported by phytochemist and pharmacologist recently. For further utilization of bitter melon, in this paper, studies at two aspects were accomplished: 1. Pharmacognosy-identificaion of seeds bitter melon were made.Seeds of bitter melon smell pungent. In the visual field of powers of seeds, spiral vessels often been seen ; lignified setreids of exotesta often been seen ; many agglomerate or single stone cells of exotesta been seen, polygon-like, lignified, wall thick. pit channel distinct; many xylem parenchymalous cells of exotesta been seen . The oil cells balls looping disconnectedly on transction of the seed.By TLC. using 0.5% CMCNa thin-layer plate, CHC13: MeOH: H2O(10:3:1) subnatent as eluent, 5% vanillin(sulfuric acid) as chromogenic agent . the BuOH extract of the seeds of bitter melon has a same spot as the check sample (momordicoside A) with same colour and same R1 value.2.Studies on medicinal components were achieved with two results:Proteins, carbohydrates and saponins were identified in the cultured cells Determine the content of momordicoside A in samples by HPLC. Samples from chengdu has the highest content among those of same breed ; samples of "long-white" bitter melon holds the highest content among those of same producing area ; seeds of bitter melon gets the highest content among samples from different parts of bitter melon更多还原