【作者】 先德奇；

【导师】 魏东；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 刑法学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 故意犯罪终了形态，是指故意犯罪在实施过程中受各种主客观因素影响所形成的不同的结束形态。根据行为结束的不同样态，可分为完成形态和未完成形态两大类。完成形态即为犯罪既遂，未完成形态包括犯罪预备、犯罪未遂和犯罪中止三种。产生三个关节点问题：犯罪未得逞、着手实行和行为人意志以外的原因。关节点问题的研究，具有重大的理论和实践意义。根据罪刑法定的形式侧面与实质侧面相结合的要求，本文以实质解释论的方法对关节点问题进行了深入研究，本着刑法的谦抑精神，为司法实践提供了一种较为科学的犯罪终了形态的认定方法。 犯罪未得逞是犯罪既遂与犯罪未遂的区别标准，也是犯罪完成形态(既遂)与犯罪未完成形态的关节点。犯罪结果可分为主观结果、客观结果和法律结果。犯罪未得逞的实质是犯罪行为在客观上未发生法律实害结果。由此，本文对既未遂领域相关概念进行了重新界定：既遂犯是行为人在犯罪目的支配下，行为产生了客观实害结果，此结果达到或超过了法律实害结果的程度的一种犯罪。行为犯是行为一实施必然对公共秩序或公法益产生实害的犯罪。结果犯可分为形态结果犯和构成结果犯。而危险犯是与之相对应的实害犯的未遂犯。 着手实行是犯罪预备与犯罪未遂的关节点。着手预示着实行行为的开始，其实质为客观上行为已对犯罪客体造成了现实危险。着手实行的认定必须满足两个条件：首先，行为必须具体指向犯罪对象；其次，行为对犯罪客体产生了现实危险。现实危险性的判断，应采取一般人标准与科学标准相结合，事后调查的客观事实与行为人特别认识、掌握的事实相结合的方法，进行事前判断。所以，不能犯未遂仍具有可罚性，迷信犯仅属犯意表示。纯正不作为犯不存在未完成形态。不纯正不作为犯以行为人不履行作为义务且对犯罪客体造成现实危险为着手。 行为人意志以外的原因是犯罪未遂与犯罪中止的关节点。意志以外的原因即障碍性原因，包括主观障碍和客观障碍.中止犯的立法理由为:由于中止犯犯意减弱，刑法上特给予其免减刑罚的嘉奖.中止犯的实质是犯意减弱，能而不为仅是表现形式。因此，中止犯的认定应结合中止动机进行。因悔悟而犯意减弱，停止犯罪行为的，即为中止犯。实践中，教唆犯中止的成立，要求教唆犯自动中止教唆，并且自动有效地防止(被教唆人实施的被教唆的犯罪)犯罪结果发生。对放弃能够重复实施的侵害行为，应根据行为人放弃的动机即是否悔悟而犯意减弱，作中止犯或未遂犯处理。而对于犯罪中止与犯罪未遂竞合的情形，则应按中止犯论处。 最后，犯罪未遂定义为:行为人已经着手实行犯罪，对犯罪客体产生现实危险，由于主客观障碍原因而未发生法律实害结果的一种犯罪未完成形态。更多还原

【Abstract】 The ending pattern of intentional crime means that the different terminate patterns which came into being due to the influence of various subjective and objective elements in the course of the criminal action was been carrying out. In accordance with the forms of behaviors being ended, it can be classificated into complete crime pattern and unfinished crime pattern. Unfinished crime pattern lies in three aspects: preparation for a crime, criminal attempt and criminal suspension. It brings about three joint links: unfinished crime, the start of execution criminality and the cause which is out of behaviorer’s will. The study of them is very important in theory and practice. With the method of innate interpretation, the author studies these joint links deeply and provides us with a practical and scientific criterion of judicial practice.At first, unfinished crime is the joint links between complete crime pattern and unfinished crime pattern. Criminal consequence can be classificated into subjective consequence, objective consequence and legal consequence. In fact, unfinished crime is that guilty act hadn’t caused the actual damage. Therefore, this papers redefinites concept concerned the ending pattern of intentional crime. Namely, the accomplished offense means the criminality caused legal actual damage. The formal crime means that- public legal interest and public order must be infringed as soon as the criminality is enforced. Consequential offense includes the offense of consequence hi pattern andconstitution. And the dangerous offense is a type of criminal attempt.Secondly, the start of criminality execution is the joint links between the preparation for a crime and criminal attempt It means the beginning of guilty act, which demonstrates that the fault act has given the criminal object a current danger. The identification of criminality execution obeys the following rules: the act has concretely pointed to the criminal object. At the same time the criminal object is facing with a current danger. The current danger must be judged during the act is carrying out according to the common criterion or scientific one and the matter which has been found by criminal and has been investigated after case. So the impossibility criminal attempt must be punished, the superstitious offense shows only criminal intention.Thirdly, the cause out of will is the joint links between criminal attempt and criminal suspension. The cause is actually hindering cause which includes subjective and objective obstacles. The legislative reason of criminal suspension is that the law wants to give it an award because its criminal intention has lessened. So the criminal intention that weakens is the inner characteristics of criminal suspension, it’s only a formal one that criminality could complete the crime but he didn’t do it We should pay attention to terminal motives to identify the criminal suspension. If the criminal’s intention gets weak when he realizes his error and show a repentance he gives up his criminality, the criminal suspension is constituted.At last, the concept of criminal attempt is defined: it’s one of unfinished crime patterns in which the legal actual consequence hasn’t happened because of the subjective and objective obstacles when the criminal has executed his criminality and given the criminal object a current danger.更多还原