论道德整合

【作者】 曹望华；

【导师】 彭定光；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 伦理学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 当代社会是一个多元化的社会。在多元社会里，社会生活领域不断扩大，社会关系日益复杂，社会成员越来越难以达成对社会的认同，利益主体的分化导致人的思想觉悟和道德境界的差异。时代呼唤一种统一、完整和内洽的道德。这种统一的道德是一个合理多元社会的内在特征，亦是多元社会道德整合的目标和结果。这样，道德整合就成为多元社会的必然选择，多元社会需要道德整合为其提供和谐发展的价值根据和道德准绳。 从道德整合的涵义来看，它是指一定社会对不同道德意识观念、道德价值取向和道德伦理理念进行整合而形成一种统一、完整、内洽的道德的过程。道德整合以社会为主体，以道德为客体。它既是对道德的整合，又是对社会伦理秩序的追求，前者是后者的基础和前提，后者是前者的实现和升华。对道德的整合所解决的是整合什么的问题，使道德整合有了具体的对象和内容；而对社会伦理秩序的追求所解决的则是为什么要对道德进行整合的问题，它使得道德整合有了明确的目标。从道德整合的特征来看，它呈现出强渗透性与弱约束性、提升性与开放性、前进性与上升性以及目标的明确性与唯一性。从道德整合的功能来讲，它主要通过某种一元道德的确立而达到对道德意识和观念的同化和定向，以及对社会道德结构和伦理秩序的保障。其功能主要有同化—融合、强化—定向、提升—完善三大功能。 道德整合何以可能，从理论上看，这是由道德自身运行的规律以及社会道德的目的所决定的；从现实上看，这是由人类道德地存在的事实以及人类对道德理念共守的事实所决定的。道德整合的实现，从其实现机制来讲，影响道德整合实现的那些主要因素构成道德整合的实现机制，它表现为道德整合体系内外部构成要素之间的有机关联性，以及由此而形成的因果联系和运转状况。同时，这些因素亦可以转化为实现道德整合的基本条件。总的说来，道德整合应以社会文化环境系统为“母体”，应以具有道德启理性的社会基本.制度系统为支撑，应以道德主体性的发挥为依托。从其实现的标志来看，它包括共同的道德观念与道德情感、统一的道德意志与共守的道德理想四个方面的与道德整合对象有关的标志，以及与道德整合主体有关的稳定的社会道德结构模式、和谐的社会道德秩序两个方面的标志。由于社会主体与道德客体自身发展水平的制约，道德整合的实现必然具有一定的限度.它表现为这样三个方面，即社会主体自身发展的不完善性限制着道德整合的实现程度;道德客体自身发展的未完成性限制着道德整合的实现程度;传统道德文化的制约与影响使得道德整合呈现出一定的限度.更多还原

【Abstract】 Contemporary society is pluralistic, in which the living fields extend incessantly; relations are complicated day and day; members are increasingly difficult to reach consensus of it; and benefit subject’s differentiation leads to the variance in human being’s awareness and moral level. The age is calling a united, integrated and harmonized morals, the inner characteristic of pluralistic society and the object and result of moral integration. Thus, moral integration becomes the certain choice of pluralistic society requiring it to provide the foundation of value and moral criterion which make the pluralistic society develop harmoniously.Moral integration is the course which a certain society integrates different moral consciousness, moral value-laden and ethical idea to form a united, integrated and harmonized morals. It takes the society as subject, and the morals as object. Moral integration is both the integration to morals and the pursuit to ethical order of the society. The former is the foundation and presupposition of the latter, and the latter is the realization and distillation of the former. The integration to morals solves what the society integrates, which makes the moral integration have concrete object and content; and the pursuit to ethical order of the society solves the problem why the society integrates morals, which makes the moral integration have clear aim. Moral integration has the features of strong permeability and weak restriction, promotion and openness, progressness and ascent and clearness and singleness of the object. Viewing from the function of moral integration , it is mainly to attain the assimilation and orientation to moral consciousness and conception, and the guarantee to moral structure and ethical order ofthe society through forming a unified morals. Moral integration mainly contains three functions as the following: assimilation-fusing , intensification-orientation and promotion-perfection.How can moral integration be possible is determined in theory by the moving law of morals and the purpose of social morals; in reality by the fact that human beings exist morally and abide by moral ideas jointly. Viewing from that realization mechanism of moral intergration, the main factors that affect moral integration’s realization, constitute the realization mechanism of moral integration, which is the organic relativity, causality and operative state among internal and external components of moral integration system. At the same time, these main factors also can change into the basic conditions which realize the moral integration. To sum up, moral integration must take the social culture circumstances system as the "mother’s body" ; take the social basic institution system which is reasonable in morals as the support; take the playing to the moral subjectivity as the dependence. Viewing from the realization mark of moral integration, there are four marks relating to the object of moral integration as the following: common conception of morals, common emotion of morals, united will of morals and moral ideal which is abided by jointly; and two marks relating to the subject of moral integration as the following : stable structure model of social morals and harmonious order of morals. Because of the development level’s restriction of moral integration’s subject and object, moral integration’s realization inevitably has some limits, which include three aspects as the following: the incompleteness of social development limits the realization of moral integration; the incompleteness of moral development limits the realization of moral integration; the restriction and effect of traditional culture of morals make the realization of moralintegration have some limits.更多还原