基督教在近代湖南的发展及文教慈善事业

【作者】 向常水；

【导师】 周秋光；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 基督教与近代湖南联系紧密，自传入湖南后，它的触角延及政治、经济、文化、社会等诸多领域。因此，基督教是湖南近代史研究的重要课题之一。本文重点考察基督教在湖南的发展脉向，探析它所开展的社会工作。全文共分三部分。 第一部分宏观地分析了基督教在近代湖南的发展过程，认为从基督教重新进入湖南到西方传教士完全撤出湖南，大致经历了三个发展阶段，从1863年到1900年为艰难播种期，1901年至1925年为稳步发展期，1926年至1950年为动荡衰落期。每个发展阶段有其自身的特点，但都受到国际国内的政局、民众的社会心理、传教士的传教策略等多种因素的综合作用。 第二部分扼要介绍了基督教经办的教育事业和书报事业。湖南近代的教会学校门类齐全、设施先进、管理严格、注重英文和体育教学，是湖南近代教育的重要组成部分，培养了一批人才，促进了湖南教育的近代化。书报事业相对落后，影响较小。 第三部分系统考察了教会开办的慈善事业，主要包括医疗卫生、赈灾救荒、育婴慈幼等三大类。教会办的慈善事业形式多样，在消解民众对基督教的偏见、治疗患者疾病、缓解民众疾苦等方面有积极作用。 在考察分析基督教在湖南经办的文教事业和慈善事业之后，本文认为在对基督教做出具体评价时应认识到以下几点：入华传教士的动机参差各异，但大多数是为传播基督福音；具体分析传教士的各项活动，不能一概而论；教会办的社会事业有利于相关领域的近代化进程；中国籍教士在教会办的社会事业中有着重要的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 After being spreaded into Hunan, Christianity was closely connected with Hunan’s society in modern time. And the scope of connection includes poli-tics, economy, culture and so on. Therefore, Christianity is one of the impor-tant research problems. The thesis will emphatically inspect into the develop-ment condition of Christianity, explored and analysed the social activities done by Christianity. The thesis is divided into three parts.llie first part macroscopicly analyse the development process of Christian-ity in Hunan’ s modern time. From the time Christianity coming into Hunan a-gain to the moment the western missionaries withdrew form Hunan clearly, the development of Christianity had generally experienced three periods. That is , it was only hard sowing in Hunan Province from 1863 to 1900, and from 1901 to 1925 Christianity was being smoothly spreaded, but the good time was short, it was in turbulent situation and on the wane from 1926 to 1950. Though every period had its own characters, the development of Christianity was effected all the time by many factors, such as the politic conditions of o-versea and home, people’s social minds,missionaries’ missionary policy and means.The second part succinctly introduces the culture and education cause run by Christianity. The mission schools in modem Hunan had many characters, for instance, the school system was complete, their facilities were advanced, their management was strict and English and phisycal education were empha-sized . It was these characters that made the mission schools have an important influence on Hunan’s modem history. The mission schools were an important part of Hunan s modern education , promoted the modernization of Hunan seducation and cultivated some talents. Compared with mission education, thebook and newspaper cause was back ward, whose influence was small.The third part systematically investigates the philanthropy run by mis-sions, which includes medical treatment and hygiene, relieving the people in stricken areas and providing disaster relief, and foundling and kindly love. Hie philanthropy run by missions had many forms, and had done good on many aspects. It is embodied by the facts that the philanthropy eliminated people’s diseases and relieved the masses’ weal and woe.After having investigated and analysed the culture and education cause and philanthropy run by Christianity in Hunan, the thesis thinks that when we concretely evaluate Christianity, the much attention should be paid to the points as follows:Hie motive of western missionaries who came into China is different, but the large part of them is in order to spread Christ’s Gospel; We should specificly analyse each movement done by missionaries; The social ac-tivities run by missions is useful to the modernization process of related fields; Chinese missionaries have played important role in the social activities run by missions.更多还原