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水库诱发地震机理研究

Studying the Mechanism of Reservoir-induced Earthquake

【作者】 周建芬

【导师】 张林洪;

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 , 水利水电, 2003, 硕士

【摘要】 由于水库诱发地震震中都紧邻重要水利工程设施,且震源浅,震中烈度高,所以虽然震级大部分不高仍然可造成大的破坏。较大的水库诱发地震不仅会毁坏这些水利工程设施,而且可以引起严重的次生灾害危及下游安全。为了给水库地震预测提供依据,本文对水库地震诱发机理进行了如下研究: 1.综合评述了现有水库诱发地震的研究现状、水库诱发地震的特点、条件和影响因素。 2.将张开裂纹和闭合裂纹的基本概念和理论应用于水库地震断裂研究中,分析水库蓄水后断层应力强度因子K的变化规律,利用断裂力学断裂判据K≥K_c来判断断层是否发生断裂破坏。针对正断层、逆断层和走滑断层进行讨论,比较三种断层蓄水后发生水库地震的可能性大小。 3.针对库区断层为表面裂纹这一特点,研究水库地震的断裂特点,得出地应力作用下的应力强度因子、库水作用下的应力强度因子和渗压作用下的应力强度因子以及它们的应力强度因子之合,并且合理的解释了构造型水库地震的诱发机理。 4.为了合理解释水库蓄水后,地震频度增大、地震震级增大的现象,本文将非线性共振突变理论引入,对高震级水库地震的诱发机理进行了新的探索。利用非线性共振突变数学模型解释了水库蓄水后,地震频度增大、地震震级增大的现象,并合理的解释了漫湾水库地震中的一些问题。 5.为了了解位于断层上的库区应力场特点,本文按水库与断层的位置关系对库区应力场进行了数值模拟,比较后认为水库位于断层正上方时,断层尖端所受的拉应力最大,断层最容易发生张拉破坏,容易诱发水库地震,水库位于断层正上方和位于断层下盘时,库岸所受拉应力较大,引起库岸的滑坡的可能性较大。

【Abstract】 The reservoir-induced earthquake magnitude is usually!low but its epicentral intensity is high and is nearby important equipments. So it can destroy seriously project and induce secondary disasters. The author is studying on the mechanism of reservoir-induced earthquake in order to predict it. The research results include five aspects:1. Reviewing the research situation of reservoir-induced Earthquake and introducing its characters and cause-condition.2. Analyzing the propagation behaviors for open and close crack, the author gain that normal fault is more dangerous to earthquake than reverse fault and glide fault.3. Appling fracture mechanics to discuss reservoir-induce earthquake mechanism, the author observes the characteristic of surface crack and gains the stress intensity factor induced by the pressure of rock, water and osmosis. Finally the author explains the mechanism of tectonic earthquake.4. The author utilizes Catastrophe theory to explain the high magnitude mechanism by non-linear resonance model.5. In order to know the stress distributing of river, the author simulates the field by finite element analysis.

  • 【分类号】P315.9
  • 【被引频次】4
  • 【下载频次】992
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