基于改性蜡和硅油的功能乳液的制备及性能研究

【作者】 刘春叶；

【导师】 王亚明； 唐辉；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 应用化学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文对石蜡／聚乙烯蜡的接枝反应进行了研究，以马来酸酐作为单体接枝石蜡／聚乙烯蜡，采用熔融接枝法，逐滴加入马来酸酐和引发剂，探讨了反应时间、反应温度、引发剂用量及马来酸酐用量等因素对接枝效果的影响，采用红外光谱和化学滴定方法对接枝物进行了定性和定量的表征。实验结果表明，对石蜡接枝反应而言，影响因素由大到小为：反应温度＞引发剂用量＞滴加时间＞马来酸酐用量，50g石蜡的最佳接枝条件为：引发剂1.6g，马来酸酐9g，滴加时间3h，反应温度160℃。对聚乙烯蜡接枝马来酸酐的反应，影响因素由大到小为：马来酸酐用量＞反应温度＞引发剂用量＞反应时间，50g聚乙烯蜡的最佳接枝条件为：反应温度160℃，滴加时间3h，马来酸酐用量9g，引发剂用量1.3g。 论文还介绍了一种乳液稳定性的评价方法，此方法使用综合评分方法，即耐标准硬水性、耐破乳剂硫酸铝性、储存稳定性三项分别乘以系数0.3，0.3，0.4，然后相加和的乳液稳定性的综合得分；对该方法的可靠性也进行了评价，结果证明此方法可靠。 本论文还研究了各个乳液体系的最佳制备条件。实验结果表明，对石蜡乳液性能的影响因素由大到小为：乳化时间＞乳化温度＞固含量＞乳化剂含量，最佳乳化条件为：乳化时间40min，乳化温度90℃，固含量7％重量，乳化剂用量11.2％重量，石蜡接枝产物的乳液性能明显优于石蜡乳液的性能；二甲基硅油乳液的最佳制备条件为：乳化时间3.0h，乳化剂含量10：2.0，乳化温度70℃；氨基硅油乳液的最佳制备条件为：乳化时间3.0h，乳化剂含量12％重量，乳化温度50℃；蜡乳液与氨基硅油乳液混合的最佳体积比为1：9。 各乳液对铁板的护理性能明显，效果好坏与乳液的稳定性相对应。其中效果最好达到铁板在硫酸中浸泡1h后重量损失仅为0.124％重量，未保护铁板则为1.438％重量。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper widely conducted researches on the grafting of maleic anhydride with paraffin/polyethylene wax using melted grafting and discussed the effects of the grafting temperature,reaction time,the amount of initiator and maleic anhydride,and the grafting product was proved by IR and chemical dropping.The results showed the influence factors of grafting on paraffin from big to small was the reaction temperature,the amount of initiator,the dropping time and the amount of MAH.The optimum condition for 50g paraffin was obtainedrinitiator was 1.6g,MAH was 9g,the dropping time was 3 hours and the reaction temperature was 160C.The effects of grafting on polyethylene from big to small was the amount of MAH,temperature,the amount of initiator and the reaction time.The optimum condition for 50g polyethylene was that the temperature was 160 C. The dropping time was 3 hours , the amount of MAH was 9g and the amount of initiator was 1.3g.The paper also described a method using for emulsion’s stable testing .The approach has three items,i.e. stability in standard solution, stability in Al2SO4)3 solution and stability in storing,which multiplied with parameter 0.3, 0.3, 0.4 respectively then added together to achieved the compounded digital.We testified the reliability of the method and the outcome is positive.We also looked for the optimum conditions in making emulsion. The results showed the influence factors on paraffin emulsion’s characters from strong to wick are that the emulsification time, the reaction temperature, the solid content and the amount of emulsifier. The optimum making conditions are that the stirring time is 40 minutes, the reaction temperature was 90*C, the amount of solid is 7 percent and the amount of emulsifier is 11.2 percent. It also showed that the characters of paraffin grafting product emulsions are prior to the paraffin emulsion. The optimum making condition of dimethylsilicone emulsions are that the time of emulsificationis 3.0h, the amount of emulsifier is 10:2.0, the temperature of emulsification is 70C and the optimum making conditions of aminosilicone emulsion are that the time of emulsification is 3.0hr, the amount of emulsifier is 12% weight, the temperature of emulsification is 50C. The optimum volume ratio of mixture of wax emulsification and aminosilicone emulsification is 1:9.The protection efficients of above emulsions to metal panels are perfectible and the value of protection is adhered to its stability. The grafted bee wax emulsion provided the best protection to metal panel which only lost 0.124% weight after putted in sulfuric acid solution for an hour, but the non-protected lost 4.438% weight after same processing.更多还原