【作者】 杨亚州；

【导师】 王跃进；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 果树学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究以中国葡萄属野生种8个种11个株系，欧洲葡萄2个品种，河岸葡萄及燕山—1×河岸葡萄107株F₁代杂种共122份材料为试材，调查了盆栽干旱胁迫条件下叶片的形态变化指标，测定了相对含水量和细胞膜相对透性两项指标；以隶属函数法为手段处理这三项指标，对供试的葡萄属植物的抗旱性进行了综合评价。并对以上材料以及冬葡萄和沙地葡萄的抗旱性进行了RAPD标记研究。主要结果如下： 1．供试材料中燕山葡萄燕山-1抗旱性最强，属极抗旱类型；蘡薁葡萄泰山-1抗旱性与欧洲葡萄相似，属于抗旱类型；蘡薁葡萄安林-2、复叶葡萄甘肃-91和南郑-2、山葡萄泰山-11、毛葡萄渭南-3、华东葡萄广西-1、秋葡萄江西-2和平利-7等抗旱性弱于欧洲葡萄，属较抗旱类型；刺葡萄塘尾的抗旱性与河岸葡萄相似，属不抗旱类型。 燕山-1×河岸葡萄杂交后代的抗旱性表现基本介于双亲之间，个别植株出现超亲遗传现象。 2．通过对葡萄属植物抗旱性调查研究认为，燕山葡萄的抗旱方式主要表现为耗水型避旱。葡萄属植物的抗旱性与其原产地的生态环境关系密切，起源于干旱地区的葡萄属植物抗旱性较强，起源于湿润地区的葡萄属植物抗旱性较弱。 3．以燕山-1×河岸葡萄F₁代分离群体为试材，采用BSA法与RAPD技术，获得了7个与中国葡萄属野生种抗旱基因相连锁的RAPD标记。根据这些标记在燕山-1×河岸葡萄F₁代群体的表现，用MAPMAKER vetsion 3.0软件设置最大遗传距离为30cM和最小LOD值3.0进行遗传分析，结果表明S226-1100、S271-550和S1165-1500与控制葡萄抗旱性的主效基因相连锁，以S226-1100与主效基因距离最近，为26.5cM；S264-1300、S195-1000、S513-1700和S1345-1400与控制葡萄属植物抗旱性的另一基因相连锁。在中国葡萄届野生种、欧洲葡萄、河岸葡萄、冬葡萄、沙地葡萄及欧美杂种葡萄中进一步验证表明，S226-1100，S271-550为抗旱性较强的葡萄属植物共有的抗旱基因标记，这说明不同起源地的葡萄属植物的抗旱性可能受相同的基因控制。 4．将葡萄抗旱基因标记S226-1100、S271-550和S1165-1500回收克隆，并测序，获得了这3个标记的核苷酸序列，它们分别由1083bp，550bp，1479bp的特定碱基序列组成。这为进一步将RAPD标记转化为SCAR标记和利用特定碱基序列及基因连锁图谱克隆抗旱基因奠定基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 The drought resistance of Chinese Wild Vitis species was studied by shape index, relative water content (RWC), and relative plasma permeability under the conditions of drought stress, and evaluated by subordinative function. All grapevines, which include 11 clones of 8 Chinese Wild Vitis species, 2 varieties of V. Vinifera, 1 variety of V. vinifara*V. labrusca, 1 clone of V. riparia, and 107 F1 progenies of V. yeshanensisX V. riparia, were classed 4 grades: standard, semi-standard, semi-poor and poor drought resistance. The standard drought resistant species were V. yeshanensis, which is the most drought-resistant species of all. The semi-standard were V. adsricta Taishan-1, the drought resistance of which was the same as V. vinifera. The semi-poor, including most of Chinese Wild Vitis species, were V. adsricta Anlin-2, V. piasezkii Gansu-91 and Nanzheng-2, V. quinquangularis Weinan-3 V. amurensis Taishan-111, V. pseudoreticulata Guangxi-1, V. romanetii Jiangxi-2 and Pingli-7. The poor were V. davidii Tangwei, the drought resistance of which was equivalent to V. riparia. The drought resistance of a majority of progenies were between their parents, V. yeshanensis and V. riparia, but a few of them were beyond their parents.The results showed V. yeshanensis has mainly water spender drought-avoidance characteristics. The drought resistance of grapevines was closely related to climatic variation pattern of their distribution area. In general, the drought resistance of the species from drought regions was stronger than those from humid region.Random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) and bulked segregation analysis (BSA) were employed to detect molecular markers linked to drought resistance gene in the wild grapes (Visit L.) native to China. Seven RAPD markers were obtained. Genetic analysis, by MAPMAKER version 3.0, indicates S226-1100, S271-550 and S1165-1500 were all linked to the major gene to control the drought resistance of grapevines, and S226-1100 is the closest one linked to the gene; S264-1300, S195-1000, S513-1700,S1345-1400 belong to the other linkage group, which exist one drought resistance gene probably.In addition, the seven RAPD markers were tested in other Chinese wild Vitis species, Vitis vinifera, V. berlandieri, and V. rupestris. The result showed that S226-1100 and S271-550 are the common RAPD markers linked to the drought resistance gene among the Vitis species, which implied the same gene to control the drought resistance of Vitis species from different area.S226-1100, S271-550, and S1165-1500 were reclaimed from electrophoresis gel and cloned in T-easy vector, then got the whole sequence of each marker, which consist of 1083bp, 522bp, 1479bp, respectively. This provided a DNA evidence for molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS), obtaining sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR), and cloning of the drought resistance gene through gene map.更多还原