【作者】 李桂萍；

【导师】 张改生；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 为探明杂种小麦品质性状的遗传规律，本研究选取具有不同品质类型的12个亲本材料，以3种设计，按照强筋×强筋、强筋×弱筋、弱筋×强筋、弱筋×弱筋方式组配成不同杂交组合；同时选取具有偏型、粘型、易型和二角型异源细胞质的同核不育系，与3个恢复系亲本组配成12个杂交组合，分别测定了上述各组合的对应亲本、杂种F₁、F₂和BC₁F₁的籽粒品质性状，通过杂种优势，性状相关，遗传变异和主成分分析，研究了品质性状在杂种小麦中的传递规律及异源细胞质对品质性状的影响。结果表明： 1．杂种小麦F₁代品质性状的杂种优势远远大于F₂代杂种优势；杂种小麦F₂代存在较强的面团品质杂种优势，对于小麦杂优利用十分可贵；通过杂种优势利用改良沉淀值和湿面筋含量比提高蛋白质含量容易；细胞质对品质性状有影响，在配制杂交组合时，应以优质亲本做母本。 2．通过性状相关分析得出在小麦改良过程中，以硬度和蛋白质含量作为选择指标，有利于筛选出高面筋含量和高沉淀值，蛋白质品质优良且磨粉品质优良的基因型；通过提高沉淀值和蛋白质含量可以改良面团品质。 3．通过亲子相关分析得出，在杂种早代选择籽粒蛋白质含量时不能忽视低亲的影响；要提高杂种F₂的Zeleny沉淀值，关键是提高高亲和中亲的水平，而中亲值与低亲值有很大关系，所以低亲也不能忽视；大多数籽粒品质性状利用F₁群体的平均值不能很好地估算F₂群体的均值水平。 4．通过比较偏、粘、易、二角型4种不育系异源细胞质对杂种小麦品质的影响，发现4种异质在品质上的贡献是一样的，没有显著差异。结合前人做的工作，可以初步认为，在用这4种异源细胞质不育系组配杂交组合时，4种异源细胞质对杂种品质没有不良胞质效应。 5．主成分分析的8个品质性状中，沉淀值、蛋白质含量、形成时间和稳定时间这四个性状对小麦综合品质的贡献值最大，对其具有代表性。所以在品质改良过程中，可以重点针对这几个指标进行选择，尤其是沉淀值和蛋白质含量的测定相对方便，可作为首选。更多还原

【Abstract】 The study was mainly to investigate genetical law of quality character in hybrid wheat. 12 varieties with different quality types were selected as parents. 3 types of Different hybrid crosses were made according to strength of gluten content; 2 single crosses made in last year were selected and back-crossed with their parents; 4 male sterile types of alloplasmic wheat with Ae.kotschyi(K), Ae.ventricosa(Ven), Ae.bicornis(B), Ae.variabilis(V) cytoplasms were crossed with three restoring lines with good restoration performance. Quality characteristics of corresponding parents, hybrid F1, hybrid F2 and back-cross F1 were determined respectively. By heterosis analysis, correlation analysis, genetic variation analysis and principal component analysis, genetical law of quality character in hybrid wheat and influence of alloplasmic on seed quality were studied. The results were as follows:1. Heterosis of seed quality characters in F1 generation hybrid was significant, higher than that in p2 generation. There was higher heterosis of dough quality in F2 generation hybrid, which was very important for utilization of heterosis in wheat. It was easier to improve sedimentation value and wet gluten content than to improve protein content by utilization of heterosis. Cytoplasm has effect on quality characters, so it is well to select high quality parents as female when crosses were made.2. Correlation analysis illustrated: Provided the 2 traits(Hardness, Protein content) were used as selection criterions in early generations of quality improvement, it may be possible to acquire excellent varieties with high quality. By improving sedimentation value and protein content, it was possible to improve dough quality.3. Parent-offing correlation analysis illustrated: low-parent value shouldn’t be neglected when selecting protein content of seed in early generations of hybrid; for improving Zeleny sedimentation value of hybrid F2 the key was to improve the value of high parent and mid-parent, while low-parent shouldn’t be neglected. For most of seed quality characters, it was not ideal to estimate average level of hybrid F2 according to hybrid F1.4. Comparing the effect on hybrid wheat quality of 4 alien cytoplasms testified that the contribution of the 4 alien cytoplasms for wheat seed quality had no significant variance. It may be judged that this 4 alien cytoplasms have little negative effects when crosses are made.5. Principal component analysis illustrated: in the 8 characters analysed , sedimentation value, protein content, dough development time and stability time had the most contribution for wheat quality, so they have representative for wheat quality. So in the process of quality improving, the above quality characters can be selected as principal criterions, especially sedimentation value and protein content ,which are easily tested, should be used as priority.更多还原