故事与时间——九十年代文学中的时间观念

【作者】 杨慧；

【导师】 杨文虎；

【作者基本信息】 上海师范大学 ， 文艺学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 九十年代以来，汉语小说中的时间是一个颇耐人寻味的问题。原先人们所认识的时间的线性规律和稳定本质首先被抛弃了，然后作家们纷纷对“历史”发生了兴趣，通过对过去时间的重新描绘，个人和民族国家的历史，都褪去了原来抹在时间上的真实色彩。从马原开始的先锋小说，是对时间进行思索，并在文学的层面上颠覆时间真理的实验阶段。在这个阶段，时间是叙事的一个武器，其本身又是故事构成的一个部分，时间令叙事扑朔迷离。怀疑历史是这一阶段小说的意识特点，其目的是思索现在，面向未来。进入大众文化和后现代主义的语境，时间在作品中表现为零碎化和空间化，这一阶段小说的意识特点转而成为对存在的怀疑，这个怀疑连带否决了生命本身的意义，过去现在和未来在新写实小说中没有什么本质上的差异，他们写现在是为了说明：无味的现实表征了人生的一种命定。大众文化的时间空间化是一个虚假的时间神话，假借一段过去的时光，人们也许可以获得消费的快感，然而生活的意义却荡然无存了。九十年代以来文学中的这些破碎、延宕的时间模式使叙事显示了同以往小说迥然不同的价值。时间在人的意识里的存在方式同之前的线性时间观或者循环论的观念有了根本的不同，而作家们征用了这些解构时间的策略，占领了时间的意义空白处，作足了文章。这种以时间为结构和隐喻的小说在隐约之间表明了作者对历史和人，对当下社会，对民族国家命运所持有的一种态度。这里的时间价值是它的使用价值，消费时代里人们对时间的深刻要求就在于：自由支配，为时间恢复其使用价值。九十年代叙事的意义在于对生命的时间意识的追问。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since 1990s’,time has been becoming a significative topic in Chinese fictions. The linearity and stability of time what people thought have been discarded, and then the writers became to take great interest in the "history". The color of reality of time has been effaced by redescribing the past time. From Mayuan, writers became to think of time and overthrew the time truth. In that stage, time is a weapon and one part of narrating, so time makes depiction complicated and confusing. The point of stories at that time is to doubt history in order to think of present and face future.Under the thoughts of mass culture and post-modernization, time in stories has been becoming fragment and extensity. The point of these novels is to doubt existence and deny the meaning of life. Past, present and future are nothing different in the new reality fictions, and why they write now is to show that the boring reality symbols fate of life. The extensity of time in mass culture is an illusive myth, people may get enjoyment from consumption, but the meaning of life has nothing left.All these modes of time in literatures since 1990s’ show us the widely different value compared to the stories before. The existence of time in people’s thinking has been totally different, and the writers make use of them and make sense of the stories. This kind of novels whose structure and metaphor is time show us the writers’ attitude towards history, people, the present society and the fortune of nationstate. The value of time here is it’s using value which is to dominate time freely, and the significance of narrating in 90s’ is to ask for the time consciousness of life.更多还原