【作者】 李二玲；

【导师】 李小健； 苗长虹； 覃成林；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 区域经济学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 二十世纪八十年代以来，在世界上一些老工业区经济低速增长的同时，许多小范围企业集群的高速增长、逆势而飞，成为全球经济凸现的亮点，也引起了相关学科的广泛关注。目前，国内外学术界对发达国家或发达地区企业集群的研究较多，而对中国中部农区企业集群的研究相对较少。本文在前人研究的基础上，着重探讨在市场力作用下自发形成的缺乏许多优越条件的中国中部农区企业集群竞争优势的来源所在，并试图提出一个研究企业集群竞争优势的新框架。本文以企业作为分析的微观基本单元，以收益递增为线索，将新经济增长理论、新经济地理学理论、新兴古典经济学理论和网络组织理论用于企业集群竞争优势的研究，并选择河南省虞城县南庄村钢卷尺企业集群作案例分析。收益递增源于规模经济还是分工经济，是经济学界从古典到现代一直争论的问题。本文认为，规模经济和分工经济是收益递增的两个侧面，而中国中部农区企业集群所具有的较高收益递增速度正是二者双重作用的结果。企业集群内的集聚生产能使企业运输成本大大下降，网络联系能使交易成本大为降低，满足新经济地理学和新兴古典经济学理论运输成本和交易成本处于中间值状态的前提假设。企业集群内存在明显的规模经济和分工经济，而网络联系缓和了由扩大规模而引起的协调成本与规模经济、由分工深化而引起的交易成本与分工经济的两难冲突，所以中国中部农区企业集群静态的竞争优势就表现为规模经济、分工经济和网络联系三者共同作用的结果。本文构建了企业集群的“竞争优势空间”，在“竞争优势空间”内，越靠近最优点，企业集群的实际经营情况就越好，其发展的潜力就越大。企业集群较容易的新企业产生、分工的深化以及模仿性创新的普遍存在是其动态竞争优势的主要来源。对于没有高新技术创新网络、没有雄厚的工业经济基础、没有大型跨国或跨地区公司的进入、没有政府技术引进的河南省虞城县南庄村钢卷尺企业集群，它正是在上述竞争优势来源的作用下，以蓬勃的发展势头悄然崛起在豫东平原上。该集群也存在一些问题，如龙头企业数量太少、劳动力素质偏低、无序竞争严重、地方生产系统有待完善等，这些均应引起有关部门的高度重视。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since 1980 there has been a lower speed economic growth in some old industrial districts in the world. At the same time, many enterprise clusters, being the emerged glitters in the global economy, have attracted increasingly related subjects, owing to their rapid economic growth. At present, the study on enterprise clusters in developed countries or developed areas is far more than that in rural areas of central China in terms of the existing literature. This paper will emphatically explore the source of comparative advantages of enterprise clusters in rural areas of central China, based on the research achievement of other scholars. These clusters driven by market force, without any advantageous conditions, form themselves. Meanwhile, this paper attempts to present a new framework, acting enterprises as a basic unit of analysis, cluing the increasing-returns, applying new theoretical tools, such as new economic growth, new economic geography, new classical economics and network organization theories to study enterprise clusters. At last, I will state a case study on steel tape clusters in NanZhuang village, YuCheng county, Henan province.Attributing the increasing-returns to the economies of scale or the economies of the division of labor has been always a debated issue in the field of economic for a long time. This paper suggests that both the economies of scale and the economies of the division of labor are the two sides of the increasing-returns. In rural areas of central China, the higher-speed of the increasing-returns of the region that clusters locate in is just the result of the co-action of these two sides. Concentrating production reduces the transport cost largely and the network linkage between each behavior subjects decreases the transaction costs greatly. This can be consistent with the hypothesis of the transport cost and the transaction cost being an intermediate level requested by the new economic geography theory and the new classical economics theory. Enterprise clusters have the characteristics of the economies of scale and the economies of the division of labor obviously, while the network linkage palliates the dilemmas between the economies of scale and the increasing of the coordination costs resulted from the enlarging of the scale, the economies of the division of labor and the increasing of the transaction costs as a result of the deepening of the division of labor. Therefore, the static comparative advantages<WP=6>of enterprise clusters are derived from the triple action of the economies of scale, the economies of the division of labor and the network linkage. This paper will definite a "comparative advantages space of clusters". The nearer the point inside that "space" away from the best point is, the better the management of the cluster is and the more potential the development of this cluster is. The dynamic comparative advantages of enterprise clusters are mainly resulted from its easier creation of the new firms, the deepening of division of labor and the universal occurring of the imitative innovation. The steel tape clusters in NanZhuang village, YuCheng county, Henan province has been developing powerfully and emerging slightly on the Yudong plain, as a result of the comparative advantages stated above, in the absence of a high-tech innovation network, solid basis of industrial development, the entrance of the large multinational or trans-regional corporations and the technique introduce coming from the government. But now, it exposures many problems about its management, which ought to be taken account into by some related administration.更多还原