【作者】 张翅；

【导师】 裘士京；

【作者基本信息】 安徽师范大学 ， 中国古代史， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 作为一种起源很早的刑事政策和刑事理论，预防犯罪是人类社会针对犯罪这一反社会现象所采取的一项根本性对策，历来是古今中外一切社会形态所共同关注的焦点。只有解决好预防犯罪问题，国家才能安定，政权才能稳固，社会才能发展，这一点毋庸质疑。中国古代的预防犯罪思想源远流长，内容丰富，是世界法律文化遗产的重要组成部分。本文认为，要考察中国古代的预防犯罪思想，须从先秦开始。尽管先秦时期尚未出现“预防犯罪”这样明确的概念表述，但运用多种措施与手段来控制和防止犯罪的发生在当时早已受到关注。因此可以说先秦时期的统治阶级及思想家们出于维护统治秩序的需要，从多层次、多侧面、多角度对如何控制和防止犯罪问题的探讨与认识即是这一时期的预防犯罪思想。 沿着历史之流寻绎先人的思想遗迹，本文以时代的演进为序，对原始社会末期预防犯罪思想的源起、夏商两代以“天命”、“神权”为标榜的预防犯罪思想、西周时期以“德政”、“礼治”为重心的预防犯罪思想、春秋战国时期以“诸说并存”表征的预防犯罪思想逐一进行了粗浅的论述。一方面，意在消除长期以来法史学界对中国古代预防犯罪思想起源的误解，指出早在距今约4000多年前原始社会末期的唐尧虞舜时代，就已经有关于预防犯罪的思想萌芽存在；另一方面，力求纵向探索先秦预防犯罪思想的发生、发展与嬗变历程，阐述其基本特色，揭示其丰厚内涵，并进一步指出萌生与发展于先秦时期的预防犯罪思想，不仅对整个先秦社会产生了重大影响，对后世所产生的影响也极其深远，值得我们今天加以分析批判和借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a kind of penal policies and theories with early origin, crime prevention is a fundamental counter measure adopted to counter crime. No matter which kind of society it is, crime prevention is always its focus. There is no doubt that only when the problem of crime prevention has been solved, one country can be stabilized, one government can be consolidated and then the whole society can develop. China has a long history of crime prevention, containing various contents. It’s an important composition of world law culture inheritance. In my opinion, if we want to get the just idea of China ancient times’ ideas on Crime prevention, we must start from Pre-Qin Period, though there was no exact expression of it at that time. However, preventing crime by all means and ways was considered then. So it can be said that all kinds of research, discussion and recognizant behaviors to prevent crimes, which carried by the political rulers and the thinkers of that time, through all aspects, levels and angles, were the ideas on crime prevention at that time.This paper would introduce those precious remains of our Ancestors along with the development of history. It will give a brief presentation on the origin of crime prevention in the late period of the primitive society, the ideas on crime prevention in the name of "destiny" and "holly right" at Xia and Shang periods, and the ideas in the center of "moral and civil policies "at Xizhou period . On one hand, aims at eliminating the wrong ideas on the origin of china crime prevention, wanting to point out that the ideas on crime prevention has long been existing, even the sprout of it can be dated back to as early as yao and shun periods in the primitive society . On the other hand, trying to find out its process of emerging and developing vertically, in order to expound its basic features and broad containing, and then, in a further sense, pointing out that the sprout and development of them has great effect on the late period, in addition to that society eventually. There’s much in their ideas that we can make use of today.更多还原