【作者】 檀满枝；

【导师】 阎伍玖； 陈杰；

【作者基本信息】 安徽师范大学 ， 自然地理学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 土壤多样性理论是20世纪90年代发展起来的、基于生态学中生物多样性概念但应用于不可再生性非生物资源的一种新的理论与方法.本论文应用土壤多样性分析理论与方法，以山东省1：100万土壤-地形体数字化数据库（SOTER）为数据源，对不同母岩、不同地形上发育的土壤空间可变性进行了研究。土壤多样性指数包括丰富度指数（特定区域内发育的土类数目）、多样性指数（H′）和均匀度指数(E)。多样性指数运用Shannon指数 公式计算，均匀度指数运用 Pielou指数公式计算。分析结果表明发育于不同母岩上的多样性指数范围为0.49～1.02之间，从高到低依次为火成岩、沉积岩、变质岩和疏松物质；土壤均匀度指数范围为0.27～0.64之间，从高到低依次为火成岩、沉积岩、变质岩、疏松物质。发育于不同地形上的多样性指数值范围为0.28～1.75之间，从高到低依次为平原、中坡度、中坡度丘陵、山麓平原、中坡度峭壁带、低洼地和高坡度山地; 均匀度指数范围为0.26～0.84之间，从高到低依次为中坡度、平原、山麓平原、中坡度丘陵、中坡度峭壁带和低洼地。同时根据统计运算结果，建立不同母岩和不同地形上发育的土壤类别多度分布模型，不同母岩和不同地形上发育的土壤类别多度分布都符合对数正态分布模型（系统中符合中间多度的对象最为普通），并应用于对土壤分布格局的解释中。最后，在地理信息系统环境中实现山东省不同母岩和不同地形上发育的土壤空间可变性分析的数字化表达。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pedodiversity is a new theory and method based on biodiversity conception in ecology but applied to non-renewable non-biological resource that was developed since the 1990s.This paper applied pedodiversity analytical theory and method to analyze the Spatial Variability of the Soils developed on different parent materials and terrains, the data source is 1:1,000,000 scale soil and terrain digital database (SOTER) of Shandong Province, China. Richness index, evenness index and diversity index were selected as indicators of pedodiversity. Here we used Shannon index (H’) as diversity index and Pielou index (E) as evenness index. H’ was calculated using the Shannon-Wiener Formula:H’ = ﹣Pi㏑PiE was calculated using the Pielou’s evenness index E:E = H’／Hmax = H’／㏑SThe results showed that diversity index on different parent materials varied between 0.49 to 1.02, the different parent materials followed the sequence of igneous rock > sedimentary rock > metamorphic rock > unconsolidated material; The evenness index on different parent materials varied between 0.27 to 0.64,the parent materials followed the sequence of igneous rock > sedimentary rock > metamorphic rock > unconsolidated material. Diversity index on different terrain varied between 0.28 to 1.75, the terrain followed the sequence of level land-plain > sloping land-medium-gradient mountain > sloping land-medium-gradient hill > level land-valley floor > sloping land-medium-gradient escarpment zone > level land-depression > steep land-high-gradient mountain; the evenness index on different terrain varied between<WP=6>0.26 to 0.84, the terrain followed the sequence of sloping land-medium-gradient mountain > level land-plain > level land-valley floor > sloping land-medium-gradient hill > sloping land-medium-gradient escarpment zone > level land-depression . The distributions of soil groups relative abundance developed on different parent materials and terrain were set up on the basis of statistical and calculated results, found they both match the logarithmic normal distribution where soils with intermediate abundance are most common. Moreover they are applied to explain soils distributions. Lastly, geography information system (GIS) mapping to show Spatial Variability of the Soils digitally developed on different parent materials and terrains.更多还原