【作者】 李宁；

【导师】 董玉芝； 昝少平；

【作者基本信息】 新疆农业大学 ， 林木遗传育种， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本文选取分布在哈密地区巴里坤县伊吾军马场附近草原的中亚鸢尾(Iris bloudowii)为材料，通过解剖观察、石蜡切片和杂交等方法，对中亚鸢尾的生物学特性、生长发育周期、大小孢子及雌雄配子体的发育、花粉生活力、授粉受精和杂交育种等方面进行了研究，结果如下： 1．中亚鸢尾为具肉质块茎或根状茎的多年生植物，在我国只分布于新疆，国外哈萨克斯坦也有分布； 2．雄蕊花药的药壁的发育方式为双子叶型，小孢子四分体为四面体型，成熟花粉粒为二细胞； 3．雌蕊三心皮三室，中轴胎座，胚珠为倒生型，多数，内、外珠被均有，厚珠心； 4．雌配子体的发育类型为蓼型； 5．花粉生活力的测定，花粉的生活力与花开放及贮存时间有关系，距花开放时间越近所采的花粉，其生活力越高，花开放十几个小时以后，花粉生活力已下降至6％左右。另外，随着贮藏时间的延长，生活力逐渐减弱，当贮藏32小时以后，基本已丧失了生活力； 6．授粉受精生物学：中亚鸢尾具自交不亲和性，且授粉时间不同，所结籽粒数存在极显著差异，上午12：00为中亚鸢尾人工授粉最佳时间； 7．雌雄蕊异熟现象，散粉后约2天，雌蕊的胚囊才生长成八核的成熟胚囊； 8．中亚鸢尾授粉后花粉萌发，生成花粉管到达子房，释放精子，分别与卵子、极核融合，完成双受精。此过程约需要47-49小时； 9．鸢尾属植物部分种间、品种间的杂交育种，共进行了40个组合，有14个组合获得了种子；从中得知马蔺是一个杂交可配性较高的种；并探讨了鸢尾属植物间杂交亲和力的大小，认为可以以单果结籽数作为判断指标。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this thesis, We selected Iris bloudwii as the material to study, which distribute in the grassland near the Yiwu war-horse scene of Kami Balikun county, We caught some about its biological characters, the growth and development of the shoots, megasporogenesis, microsporogenesis, the male and female gametophyte, the factors which relative with the vigor of pollen, the course of double fertilization, the growth of pollen tube and the cross-fertilize breeding of different species with the aid of paraffin techniques ,fluorescience and anatomy. The main results of this paper are asfollows:l.Iris bloudwii is perennial with tuber or stock. It only distributes in Xinjiang in China.2.The development of the anther wall follows the dicotyledonous type. Cyokinesis in the microspore mother cell is of the successive type. The arrangement of microspore in tetrade is tetrahedral. Mature pollen grain is of the 2-celled type.3.The ovary is tricarpellate and three-room. Its placenta belongs to central axis. The mature ovules are anatropous, bitegmic and crassimecellate.4.The development of the embryo sac follows the polygonum type of monosporic embryo sac,5.The test of pollen vigor shows that the vigor of pollen is relatives to two factors, the flower opening time and the stockpile time. The higher of the vigor, the shorter after the opening time, the vigor of pollen fall to about 6 percent about ten hours after the opening time. Otherwise, with the prolonging of stockpiling, the vigor of pollen descending, the vigor of pollen heavily lost when stockpiles 32 hours.6.Pollenation and fertilization biology: Iris bloudowii has unfertilized while self-hybrid, and the quantity of seeds has heavily remarkable difference if fertilized in different time. A.M. 12:00 is the best time for fertilization.1 .Iris bloudowii has the character of dichogamous, ovary evidently developed into mature 8-nuclear embryo sac after 2 days of pollinating.8.Pollen germinates after fertilization, forms pollen tube and reaches ovary, then gives out sperms, thus the double fertilization finish, the course needs 47-49 hours.9.We did experience in cross-hybrid breeding between species and varieties in Iris, and had 40 combinations, 14 of them had seeds. Primarily knows that Iris ensata thunb is a good cross-hybrid species, Primarily studies the ability in hybrid of Iris. And look the seed quantity of single fruit as the standard.更多还原