【作者】 高国章；

【导师】 刘明俊； 李勇；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 交通信息工程及控制， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 交通是国民经济飞速发展的润滑剂，交通运输的发展状况直接关系到国家“十五”计划。近年来，我国由水路、陆路、空运所形成的立体交通网已得到了巨大的发展，其中在内陆涉及到水路和陆路二者相连的便是桥梁或隧道，但以桥梁居多。跨江跨河的桥梁使内陆的公路网及铁路网联成了一个整体，使得其具有了重要的战略意义。然而，江河上过多的桥梁严重地影响了内河航运的发展。选址不当的桥梁一方面它严重地妨碍了船舶的安全通航，另一方面由于船舶撞桥事故的发生也严重地危害着桥梁的安全，一当发生会给人民带来巨大的经济损失，同时还危及人生安全。本文从桥区的地理环境出发，通过研究桥区的航道特征、水文特征、典型环境条件，建立了相关的数学模型，并运用计算机模拟船舶在这些条件下的航迹，从而为桥梁的选址、桥墩位置的优化以及船舶驾驶员在进入桥区时的航行方法提供相关的数据和分析手段。 本论文的直接来源是武汉理工大学航运学院承接江苏省交通厅关于“苏通长江公路大桥船舶通航实船试验及模拟研究”这个研究项目。在本项目中，课题组在江苏省境内的长江南浏水域大桥初步选址处进行了如下试验：海船及江轮船队的“Z”形试验、旋回圈试验、冲程试验以及船队和海轮在桥区的会船试验。在江苏省交通厅的帮助下，我们还取得了该水域历年和现阶段的许多气象资料、地理资料、水文资料。在这些资料和试验中取得的各种数据的基础之上，进行了理论上的分析和数据计算。有了这些数据之后，根据船舶的操纵性能和船舶运动响应方程以及风、流的数学模型，来进行船舶的航迹模拟和船舶在桥区航行时的各种参数计算。本文共分为五章：第一章为绪论，主要阐述了本论文的课题研究来源和意义，同时介绍了国内外这方面的发展现状；第二章主要对长江干线船舶撞桥事故进行了分析。找出事故发生的原因，并对这些原因进行分类、归纳，总结出相应的结论，指出对桥区航行模拟的必要性。第三章为船舶操纵性指数的研究，就目前教材上给出的求法，就有些步骤提出改进的意见，并用法改进后的分析方法对试验数据进行计算。第四章为数学模型研究，主要的数学模型有：船舶运动方程模型、武汉理工大学硕士学位论文运动响应模型、船舶偏移量模型、风流致船舶漂移量的计算模型、定距离船舶航行所占航宽模型。第五章为航迹模拟，其主要包含了在第四章的数学模型下，船舶在不同的环境和船舶参数下的航迹模拟，并根据实际需要输出多种数据。 本文从实际出发，结合理论分析，运用计算机模拟手段为内河航道上桥梁的建设提供保障航道船舶安全航行的基本数据，以供优化桥墩的选址工作参考，同时还为内河船舶驾驶人员在桥区航行时提供操纵方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Traffic is lubricant of the civil economy rapid development. The status of the transportation is directly related to the tenth five-year plan of our country. In recent years, the solid traffic net with waterway, roadway and air-line has been developed greatly. Inland when it refers to the connection between waterway and roadway or roadway and roadway, usually it is bridge or tunnel, but most of them are bridges. The striding bridges on the rivers join the road net and the railway net together, it makes that the bridges have important strategic significance. However, too many bridges on rivers badly affect the development of the inland river transportation. The improper positions of the bridges greatly impede the ship’s navigation safely and also bring severely danger for the accident of bumping to the bridges. If the accident happens it would make people suffer great damages and even their life. With studying the character of the fairway, the hydrology, the model circumstance, this paper starts with the geographical environment at the bridge area, and uses the computer to simulate the navigation track under these situation, then provides correlating data and analyzing method engineer to optimize the position of the piers and seaman to maneuver the ship when they enter the bridge area.The foundation of this paper is the study project which is accepted by Wuhan Technology University Navigation College from Jiansu province about Sutong Changjiang Road Bridge Actual Ship Experiment and Simulating Study. In this project, the study term did experiments as follows: "zigzag" experiment, turning cycle trial experiment, stroke experiment, encounter experiment between sea-going vessel and fleet at Nanliu water which is the initial position of bridge in Jiansu province. With the help of Jiansu province traffic office, we also get the post and recent year’s meteorological data, geographical data and hydrological data of that water area. Based these information and the data which are got from the experiments, the paper carries out theoretic analysis and datacalculation. With these data, in terms of ship maneuverability, response equation of ship movement, wind and current math model, the paper carries out ship navigation track simulating and various parameter calculations. The paper is made up by the sixth chapter. The first chapter is prolegomenon, in this section it mainly expatiates the origin and signification of the study project of this paper, at the same time, introduces the developing status in country and oversea; In the second chapter, it analyzes the accidents of collision between the ship and the bridge along the changjiang river, and finds out the reason, then classifies, concludes, and draws responding conclusion, and refers out that it is necessary to simulate the track in bridge fairway. The third chapter talks about the study of the ship maneuverability index. It brings forward some improving opinions on several steps in the current teaching books and uses new analyzing method to calculate with the experiment data. The main content of the fourth chapter is math model, includes ship movement equation model, movement responding model, ship transfer excursion model, wind and current floating excursion calculating model, the occupying fairway width calculating model for determining voyage and so on. Navigation track simulation is in the fifth chapter; it mainly includes using computer to simulate the navigation track with the math models, which are built in the third chapter, under different circumstance and ship parameters and outputs many kinds of data for practice need.On the basis of fact and combining the theoretical analyzing, this paper uses computer simulation to offer basis data for bridge on inland fairway and security shipping to optimizing the position of piers; simultaneity brings forward the general maneuvering method before through the bridge.更多还原