【作者】 杨光穗；

【导师】 漆智平；

【作者基本信息】 华南热带农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 为了探讨非洲菊的营养规律、需肥特性及制定出一套合理的生产栽培管理措施，本文通过盆栽试验和田间试验研究了非洲菊适宜的生长环境和氮、磷、钾、镁等营养元素以及不同施肥时期、不同施肥量对非洲菊生物产量、切花产量、切花品质等的影响，同时研究了非洲菊营养元素吸收的动态变化情况、切花产量和切花品质的动态变化情况，其结果如下： 1．在盆栽试验中，不同pH值对非洲菊幼苗的生长发育、营养元素的吸收、叶绿素、SOD和MDA酶的含量有极其显著的影响作用。非洲菊适宜的生长范围为pH值5～7。 2．氮和钾的施用量对非洲菊生物产量和切花产量及非洲菊体内氮、钾含量有极显著的影响，施中量的氮钾肥（N：242.24kg／hm²、K₂O：360.18kg／hm²）和施高量的氮钾肥（N：360.36kg／hm²、K₂O：540.27kg／hm²）的非洲菊氮钾含量均极显著高于施低量氮钾肥（N：120.12kg／hm²、K₂O：180.09 kg／hm²），但施中量与施高量之间对非洲菊氮钾含量没有显著差异。从经济角度考虑在本试验条件下，适宜的施氮量N：242.24kg／hm²、施钾量K₂O：360.18 kg／hm²。非洲菊对磷和镁的需求不如氮钾的需求量大，施入少量的磷镁肥即可满足非洲菊的生长需要。 3．在田间试验中，不同施肥处理对非洲菊产量、切花品质及营养元素含量都有极显著的影响。处理N₂P₂K₂和N₂P₃K₂在促进非洲菊对营养元素吸收的同时，显著地提高非洲菊生物产量、切花产量和切花品质。生物产量（干物重）分别是处理N_P2K₂最低产量（49.09g）的2.59倍和2.40倍；切花产量分别比处理N₃P₁K₂最低产量19.58支／株·年高47.7％和54.1％。 本试验的推荐施肥配方为N 242.24kg./hm²，P₂O₅ 179.91 kg.／hm²,K₂O 360.18kg.／hm²。施肥比例为N：P₂O₅：K₂O=2：1：3。采用此比例即可促进非洲菊较旺盛的营养生长与生殖生长，又可获得较高的切花产量。 4．通过分析非洲菊产量、切花品质和营养元素吸收的动态变化，在海南省 华南热带农业大学硕士学位论文6－10月高温高湿的多雨季节严重地影响非洲菊切花产量。从6月开始，非洲菊对氮、磷、钾、镁等营养元素的吸收规律一致，一直呈上升趋势，10月达最高吸收峰。随着非洲菊对各营养元素吸收增加，其切花品质也显著提高。在对非洲菊进行施肥时应考虑在6月前对非洲菊增施钾肥和磷肥以提高非洲菊的抗病性，并采取一定的防护措施提高非洲菊的切花产量。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to study the nutrition regulation of the Gerbera flower, the characteristic of fertilizer requirement and then make out some cultivation methods and measures ,a pot experiment and field experiment were conducted to study the suitable growth environment,N,P,K,Mg,different fertilizers application periods and different levels on drymatter yield of the Gerbera flower, cut flowers yield, cut flowers quality . At the same time it was studied that the nutrition element absorption dynamic of Gerbera flower, the dynamic changing of the cut flowers yield ,cut flowers quality.All result as follows:1. In the pot experiment, different the value of pH significant effect on the growth of Gerbera flower, nutrition element absorption, chlorophyll, SOD and MDA content .Optimal growth condition for Gerbera was PH5-72-Application of N and K could very significant influence drymatter yield ,cut flowers yield,nitrogen and potassium contentration of Gerbera. The Gerbera supplied low level of NK-fertilizer had lower nitrogen and potassium content than medial and high level,but the nitrogen and potassium content in Gerbera was not different between th medial and high level NK-fertilizer. According to the economics,the optimal fertilizer application was N 242.24kg/hm2 and K2O 360.18kg/hm2.The phosphorate and magnesium requirement were lower than that of nitrogen and potassium .Gerbera could grow very well by application a few P and Mg fertilizer. 3. In the field experiment, different fertilizer application could very significantinfluence the yield of Gerbera, cut flowers quality and nutrition content .the treatment of N₂P₂K₂ and N₂P₃K₂ could improve Gerbera to absorb nutrition,and significantly increase the drymatter yield, cut flowers yield and cut flowers quality. Their biomass were 2.59 and 2.40 times higher than that of N₁P₂K₂ .Their cut flowers yield were 47.7% and 54.1% higher than that of N₃P₁K₂ .This experiment recommends that the best fertilizer formulation was N 242.24kg/hm2,P2O5 179.91kg/hm2, K2O 360.18 kg/hm2 ,N: P2O5: K2O=2: 1: 3. Adopting this proportion not only could promote the prosperous growth for Gerbera, but also could get higher cut flowers yield .4. After measuring the dynamic changing of Gerbera ,cut flowers quality and absorbbing the nutrition element, the result should that the cut flowers yield of Gerbera was seriously affect by the high heat and wet raining seasons from June to October in Hainan.Gerbera absorbed nitrogen,phosphorat ,potassium and magnesium more and more from June to October. The quality of cut flower was increased with absorbing nutrition.In order to increase the anti-disease of the Gerbera,it was necessary that the potassium and phosphorat should be applied before June.It could increase the cut flower yield to adopt a certain protection methods.更多还原