加入世界贸易组织后中国的战略性贸易政策选择

【作者】 李东华；

【导师】 郭晓合； 刘朝明；

【作者基本信息】 广西大学 ， 国际贸易， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本文将要论述国际贸易中利益的分配问题，而不打算论证贸易利益是如何产生的，因为前者在一个国家的对外贸易政策的制定上更具有指导意义。而这又无可避免地介入自由贸易和保护贸易的争议当中。因为本文的重点在于贸易政策，因此不对自由贸易和保护贸易做价值判断。其实，各个国家参与国际贸易，都是为了在同量的贸易之下，获取尽可能多的贸易利益，即改善贸易条件。不论是国际上有关贸易的双边和多边协议，还是各个国家在对外贸易方面做出的安排和政策，所直接涉及的都是贸易利益的分配，各种保护贸易壁垒措施，不过是有关各方参与贸易利益分配的手段而已。因此，现实的国际贸易既不是纯粹的自由贸易，也不是完全的绝对保护，各个国家都在一面讲自由贸易，一面实行保护贸易。 中国加入世贸组织后，在分享多边贸易体制权利的同时，也必须承担相应的义务和责任。一方面，推进工业化需要对一些“战略性产业”进行保护与扶持；另一方面，为顺应多边贸易体系的贸易自由化潮流，又必须大幅度削减贸易壁垒。削减贸易壁垒意味着国内工业将全面参与国际竞争，同时也将使国内新兴的“战略性产业”面临由于扶持不足而难以发展的危险。没有保护，没有发展起一些新兴的“战略性产业”，中国经济缺乏凭以参与国际竞争的实力。紧靠传统的纺织、服装等劳动密集型产业参与国际分工已经很难实现中国经济的繁荣。在世界贸易组织规则下，中国应当以什么样的贸易政策去迎接全球竞争的挑战?这是当前亟待解决的重大现实问题。随着新贸易理论的兴起，战略性贸易政策被提出，作为该理论在贸易政策领域的拓展，战略性贸易政策是建立在更为符合实际的不完全竞争和规模报酬递增条件下的，因而对于指导我国贸易政策的制定较之传统贸易理论更具有现实依据。战略性贸易政策理论涉及到贸易利益的分配问题，成为本文论证的中心。从战略性贸易政策的角度去看待世贸组织就知道，贸易自由化并不等于完全的自由贸易，这更将促使我们努力去寻找和灵活运用不违反世贸组织框架的贸易政策工具。当然，正是由于这样的初衷，本文力求提出有可行性和可操作性的政策措施亦是有相当的难度，本文为这个目标进行了努力的尝试。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper we are going to discuss the share of gains from trade other than how gains from trade generate. It is mostly because the former issue plays a more significant role in directing a nation to constitute its trade policy. And that seems to involve us into the continuous dispute between free trade and trade protectionism. But our emphasis comes down to trade policy, so we are not planning to tell which one, free trade or protectionism, is right or wrong. In fact, each nation participating in international trade wants to share in as much as possible gains from trade against the minimum flow of trade, namely to improve its terms of trade. Whether bilateral and multilateral agreements or foreign trade arrangements and policies a nation constitutes relate directly to the share of gains from trade. All kinds of trade barrier are just means to participate in the distribution of gains from trade. So the actual international trade is neither pure free trade nor absolute protectionism. Every nation put into practice protectionism as they talk about free trade to the others.After its entry into WTO, China both enjoys the rights of multilateral trade system and takes the corresponding obligations at the same time. On one hand, China should protect some of its strategic industries for industrialization; on the other hand, it has to cut greatly its trade barriers in accordance with trade liberalization. Cutting trade barriers means national industries will be all exposed to international competition, making the strategic industries difficult to develop for lack of protection. Without protection, without the newly developing strategic industries, Chinese economy is not competitive in international market depending on merely such labor-intensive industries as traditional textile industry and so on. What trade policy should China take to meet the challenge of international competition under the rules of WTO? The answer itself is a significant issue to be solved. With the rising of new trade theory, strategic trade policy was put forward as the extension of the theory applied in the area of trade policy. Because it is based on the more real practice of imperfect competition and increasing returns to scale, strategic trade policy seems more convincing in directing Chinese constitution of trade policy than traditional trade theory does. Being the focus of this paper, strategic trade policy deals with the share of gains from trade. Seeing WTO from th" point of view of strategic trade policy, we will be aware that WTO’s trade liberalization is not absolutely equal to free trade, which motivate us to find and to carry out with flexibility the trade policy instruments under the rules of WTO. Also, due to such an intention, it is hard to come out feasible trade policy concrete enough to be manipulated, but this paper is trying to reach the goal.更多还原