【作者】 赵海霞；

【导师】 宋岭；

【作者基本信息】 新疆大学 ， 人口、资源与环境经济学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 于2002年11月8日召开的党的十六大关于全面建设小康社会的奋斗目标中明确指出：“……生态环境、自然资源和经济社会发展的矛盾日益突出……必须把可持续发展放在十分突出的地位，坚持计划生育、保护环境和保护资源的基本国策……”，“——可持续发展能力不断增强，生态环境得到改善，资源利用效率显著提高，促进人与自然的和谐，推动整个社会走上生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展道路。”这充分说明为确保全面建设小康社会的奋斗目标的实现，转变传统发展模式为兼顾资源持续利用与生态环境保护的可持续发展战略及加强可持续能力建设具有紧迫性。如今，可持续发展问题已不再限于一种概念、一种思想、一种理论，而是世界各国普遍认同的一种原则、一种发展策略，不仅被各国政府和首脑所高度重视，而且广泛的付诸实践成为人类发展的共同目标，从而如何实现一个国家、地区的可持续发展成为当今世界的热点。在西部大开发中，新疆凭借自身特有的区位优势和丰富的资源优势占有特殊重要的战略地位，然而现阶段的突出问题是：战略优势还难以充分发挥；生态破坏和环境问题积重难返……加上西部大开发是党中央在世纪之交做出的关系我国经济社会协调发展的总体战略部署和重大决策，它与国内外传统的开发模式不同，一个突出的特点是把生态环境建设和保护、实施可持续发展提到了突出的位置。因此，在可持续发展成为时代主题的今天，新疆面临的紧迫要求是改变过去以牺牲资源、环境为代价的发展模式为可持续发展模式。由于可持续发展强调人与自然的协调，强调人的实际生活福利的提高，强调发展的后劲以及维持自然生态系统对人类生活的支持作用，而这一切都依赖于可持续发展能力的改善和提高。可持续发展能力建设作为可持续发展战略的支撑，对于可持续发展的实现发挥着重要的作用，所以，本文将新疆可持续发展战略的实现作为线索，将构建新疆的可持续能力建设作为最终落脚点，提出相应的能力建设途径建议。 全文共分三篇。第一篇首先论述了传统宏观总量指标核算产生的历史：在威廉·配第首次开辟国民收入核算领域的处女地之后，从英国的格利高里·金（Gregory ing）到法国的安东尼·L拉瓦西（ntoine L·la：voisier人从美国的乔治·特克尔（Geof Tuchef）到澳大利亚的 T呐·柯格兰①mothy A·Co咧列，从俄国的 A·H·拉蒂史夫（·H·Radishev耳德国的罗斯克曼仍，都为国民收入估算在理论和方法上的完善作出了很大的贡献。最引人注目的是被誉为“国民生产总值之父”的西蒙·库兹涅茨（Simon Kuznets），提出用按市场价格计算的国民收入来作为反映国民生产的综合性指标，扩大了国民收入核算的内容。此后许多国家也在推进核算的进展方面做出了不懈的努力，同时享有“当代魁奈”之称的美国经济学家瓦西里·列昂惕夫（Wassily Leontief）对投入产出核算进行了开创性的工作，为国民经济核算体系的建立奠定了基础。接着从账户核算和矩阵核算两个方面指出了核算的不同方法及存在的不足之处，主要表现在：①仅能反映经济活动中“货币化”的部分，不能全部包含给人们带来福利的因素；②未计入经济活动中影响社会福利水平或状况的外部效应，如环境损失；③因难以采用经济价值尺度计量而未计入社会福利中的环境因素：④未反映收入分配结构，而不同的收入分配对应不同的社会福利状况；⑤只计入人造资产的折旧，而未计入资源环境资产的损耗和价值减少；③计入的环境防护支出，有悻于福利的本意。最后为适应可持续发展评估的需要，从国民大系统的高度引出“绿色”宏观指标的不同核算方法，包括经济福利尺度及国民净福利、可持续收入及生态国内生产净值、投入产出的“绿色” GDP指标核算，并进行了比较优劣，得出资源——经济投入产出的宏观总量指标核算适用性的结论。在此基础上相应地构建了“绿色”GDP投入产出核算的理论模型。 第二篇针对新疆经济发展现状分别选取煤炭与二氧化硫作为资源消耗与环境污染的典型代表，在已构建的资源——经济投入产出模型基础上，对新疆“绿色”GDP进行核算，得出了新疆国内生产总值至少有0．084一．298％的部分是以牺牲自身生存环境（自然资源和环境）为代价而取得的不可持续发展的结论。 第三篇从现实的必要性和国家政策实施的紧迫性两方面论证了新疆进行可 11持续能力建设的必要性，分析了能力建设是解决新疆资源环境问题的重要手段及经济发展的重要保障，提出可持续发展途径建议——可持续能力建设：①技术能力的提高：②制度效能的提高；③公众参与意识的提高：④社会资本的积累。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the Sixteenth Congress, 8, Dec., 2002, it was clearly pointed about theobjectives of building better-off society in an all-round way that: "The contradictionbetween the ecological environment and natural resources on the one hand andeconomic and social development on the other hand is becoming increasinglyconspicuous." "We must give top priority to sustainable development (SD), adhere tothe basic state policies of family planning and environmental and resources protection,keep the birthrate low and rationally develop and economically utilize all kinds ofnatural resources." "- The capability of sustainable development will be steadilyenhanced. The ecological environment will be improved. The efficiency of usingresources will be increased significantly. We will enhance harmony between man andnature to push the whole society onto a path to civilized development featuring thegrowth of production, an affluent life and a sound ecosystem." They fully illustratedthat it is urgent to transform the model of traditional development to the one ofsustainable development, which gives consideration to constant resource utilizationand ecological environment conservation, in order to ensure the realization of theobjectives of building well-off society in an all-round way. The problems of SD havenever been a kind of concept, thought, theory, but a sort of discipline, developmentstrategy approved by every country in the world, which are not only attachedimportance by all governments and heads, but put into practice and become human’sdevelopment common goals. How to realize one country or region’s SD is a world’shot issue. During the Western Development, Xinjiang has taken up particularlysignificant and strategic status by its inherent advantages in regional position andabundant resources. However, the prominent problems at present are as follows: it isdifficult to bring its strategic advantages into full play; ecology destroying andenvironment problems become more and more serious. Today, under the backgroundof world SD, our imminent task is to reform the traditional developing model at the cost of destroying environment. The Western Development presented by the Center Party at the turn of centuries is the overall strategic plan and important decision concerning our country’s integrating development between economic and society. A remarkable feature different from other traditional models, is that it puts the ecological environment construction and preservation, SD implement to an outstanding position. SD stresses the harmony between man and nature, emphasizes improvement of people’s real welfare, outlines the future energy of development and keeps the environment upholding effects on human life, however, all of these rely on the capability of SD’s amelioration and improvement. The capability construction of SD, as the sustain of SD strategy, plays an important role in the realization of SD, therefore, to ensure the realization of the Xinjiang’s SD strategy, this paper focuses on constructing the capability of SD and presented corresponding suggestions.The whole paper has three chapters. In the first chapter, the author traced the history of traditional macro-accounting target. After William Petty started the virginal field of national income accounting, from Gregory king to Antoine L . Lavoisier, from Georg Tucher to Timothy A . Coghlan, from A .H .Radishev to Roschman, everyone made great contribution to NI estimation’s. The most outstanding person, Simon Kuznets, named as "Father of GNP", presented NI according to market as general production’s synthetical target, extended the content of NIA. Thereafter, lots of countries did endeavor to improve the accounting, at the same time, American economist Wassily Leontief, noted "present Quesnay" created input-output accounting, making foundation for national economic accounting system. Secondly, the author pointed different methods and shortcomings. Such as: Not including all of the welfare facts exce更多还原