传统调解制度及其现代重构之思考

【作者】 王立；

【导师】 刘艳芳；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 法律， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 调解是古代中国最具有文化代表性和最富于文化韵味的司法形式，其源远流长，是中华民族最具生命力、也最为世界所瞩目的法律形式。古代中国家国同构的社会结构与追求和谐的文化背景必然产生“无讼”理念，无讼状态是无数中国人追求和奋斗的目标，然而没有诉讼在任何时候都是不可能存在的。无讼的状态既然不可达到，调解制度就成为必然的选择。调解的形式有官府调解、官批民调、民间调解等，其范围虽仅限于民事案件和轻微刑事案件，但均贯穿了“无讼”理念、“和谐”精神和教化原则，体现了中华传统诉讼文化追求和谐的最高价值导向。调解有强大的理论体系和社会观念作基石，故而能踏入我国的主流文化，成为一种长久的文化传统。在讲求法治的今天，调解因其合目的性的需要，更显其价值，但同时也暴露出一些固有缺陷，比如在公民权利保护方面的不力等。因此，如何在新的历史条件下正确看待调解制度就成为一个具有理论和实践意义的课题。笔者认为，任何法律制度只有植根于一定的文化土壤才有生命力，纠纷解决机制也不例外。社会利益和价值的多元化趋势和现代型纠纷的产生，人们对于权利的多样化需求，调解传统在中国社会的深厚积淀和人们的调解偏好，以及社会主体自主、迅速、经济地解决纠纷的需求，调解必将在新的历史条件下发挥更大的作用。因此，正确认识调解在我国的现状、分析其在新形势下的优点和弊端已迫在眉睫。本文最后对我国的调解制度的立法和实践中的情况作了分析研究，在此基础上拟对我国的调解制度的重构提出具体建议和意见。 本文共分四部分，其基本构成如下： 绪 言 问题的缘起，简要说明学界对于调解的不同观点及其依据，介绍本文的写作的必要性及写作思路。 第一章 无讼理念与中国传统调解。分析无讼理念形成的社会基础、思想基础及社会心理基础，介绍中国传统调解制度的形式、一般程序和调解的精神，说明传统调解在权利保护方面的局限。 第二章 传统调解观念与现代中国。从文化传统、中国价值多元现状及与诉讼的比较研究角度，分析调解在中国现代存在的必要性与可能性。 第三章 调解现状与重构。简要勾画当代中国调解制度的立法与实践现状，指出其缺陷，并在此基础上提出重构的建议与可能的进路。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mediation, as a special judicial form with traditional cultural characteristic of ancient china, has an old historical origin and is notable in the world. The social construction and cultural background are the bases of the "non-litigant" idea. Many Chinese of ancient and present dreamed of a non-litigant society, but which is just an unrealistic dream and can’t exist at any era. Maybe, mediation is the right resolution to the indispensable disputes. Ancient mediation has many forms, but the core spirits of all forms are the doctrine of harmony, the idea of non-litigant and the principle of upbringing. Based on theoretical system and social idea, mediation becomes an important tradition of our main-culture Nowadays, as more and more people consider the rule of law as the idea state, the values of harmony and nature, combining with shortcomings of mediation institution are apparent. So how to re-evaluate the status of mediation in the new era becomes an important issue. In this paper, the author points out that only basing on a certain cultural environment, a legal system is full of vitality. So is the dispute-revolution-system. Since different interests and values are shared by different members of people, every one has his own preference for dispute revolution it is out of question that the mediation institution will play a more important role in the world. By analyzing the legal system and its actual fulfillment, the author puts forward the shortcomings of mediation institution and gives suggestions for its improvement.There are four parts in this paper. In Chapter one, the author analyzes different kinds of bases for non-litigant idea, introduces different forms, general procedure and core spirits of traditional mediation institution, points out the shortcomings of mediate in the protection of human rights. In Chapter two, some reasons for the existence of mediation in modern ages are given. In Chapter three, based on the analyzing of the shortcomings of mediation, concrete measures and suggestions for improvement have been done. At last, the author gives a general summary for this paper.更多还原