【作者】 黄勇；

【导师】 田德蓓；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 语言和文化的关系，以及翻译中的文化障碍越来越引起翻译研究者的注意。习语在形式和意义上比较固定，形成于一定的历史阶段并流传下来，能反映不同文化因素，但这些因素往往阻碍习语的顺畅翻译。作为人类智慧的结晶习语，可谓是语言的精华，经常应用于口语和书面语中。要正确理解，恰当运用以至能准确翻译习语需要广博的跨文化知识。具体到英语和汉语，由于使用这两种不同语言的国家其地理，历史，宗教及风俗习惯等等不同，各自习语所传递的文化信息也就不同，而这种不同正是翻译的难点。若不正确处理这些文化因素特别是当中文化内涵丰富的文化词，在翻译中就难免犯很多错误。 在下面的文章中，本人将就英汉翻译中如何处理习语中的文化词这一问题进行讨论。首先，本文将涉及文化词的概念以及在习语中体现的几个主要方面：风俗习惯、宗教信仰和典故等；其次将从语义角度对其进行以下分类：(1)概念意义相同而联想意义亦相同的文化词；(2)概念意义相同而联想意义不同甚至相反的文化词；(3)概念意义相同而联想意义于一种语言中丰富但在另一种语言中为空白的文化词；(4)概念意义完全相同而联想意义则部分相同的文化词；(5)为一种语言所特有的文化词。然后本人将根据文化词的不同类别在其翻译上提出几点拙见，依次为音译，直译及意译。最后，本人将试谈文化词翻译中应注意的两点：(1)翻译习语时避免机械套用；(2)避免滥用目标语中与原语中联想意义不同的文化词相互替代。更多还原

【Abstract】 The question of the relationship between language and culture, together with that of cultural barriers in translation has drawn an increasing attention of translation researchers. An idiom is a comparatively fixed language form in matters of meaning and structure, embedded with rich cultural connotations, which, however, in certain cases act as cultural barriers preventing smooth translation of an idiom. Each of them, formed in a particular historical period and passed on from generation to generation, reflects ^unique cultural elements. Being the crystallization of human wisdom and the essence of languages, idioms are widely used in both speech and writing. To correctly understand and properly use them in translation calls for a wide range of background knowledge concerning the culture in both source language and target language. Because of the differences between English and Chinese in terms of geography, history, religion and custom, the idioms of the two languages feature different cultural elements, which triggers the difficulty in translation. Many mistakes in translation result from inappropriate tackling of those cultural elements involved, especially the culture-bound words ?words rich in cultural connotations or national tints.The thesis tries to approach the problem of how to deal with the culture-bound words in idioms. First, the thesis introduces what culture-bound word is and lists some aspects in which culture-bound words in idioms are mainly reflected: customs and habits, religious beliefs and allusions. And then the thesis classifies culture-bound words from the angle of semantics: (l)words with the same conceptual meaning and even the same associative meaning; (2) words with the same conceptual meaning but different or opposite associativemeanings; (3) words with the same conceptual meaning and the associative meaning which is rich in one language but vacant in the other; (4) words with the same conceptual meaning and partially the same associative meaning; (5) words unique to one language. With that, the thesis offers some practical ways of translating them. According to the different groups, literal translation, liberal translation and transliteration are adopted respectively. In addition, the thesis points out two ways that should be avoided in translating culture-bound words in idioms: (1) translating idioms in source language with idioms in target language mechanically; (2) using culture-bound words with some different associative meanings in target language to translate culture-bound words in source language.更多还原