【作者】 苗玉红；

【导师】 谭金芳； 介晓磊； 李有田； 韩燕来；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 土壤学， 2000， 硕士

【摘要】 本文通过大田试验和室内分析方法研究了潮土上两个超高产小麦品种吸钾能力、钾利用效率，钾与小麦的形态特点、生理特性和品质性状的关系，初步研究结果表明： 1、两个超高产小麦品种在吸钾量、施钾效应、钾肥利用率，利用土壤钾素的能力以及钾效率等方面都存在着差异性，温麦6号是一个耐低钾、钾营养高效基因型品种。 2、钾与氮和磷之间存在着明显的正效应，而且耐低钾小麦品种更具有促进氮的吸收效应，使得氮、钾之间的相互促进作用表现得更为突出，这在一定程度上保证了作物高产对养分的需要。 3、吸收的钾在植物体内能否再利用或再利用程度决定了生产上的肥料运筹，本试验研究建立了利用小麦叶片展开时钾含量与成熟时钾含量的比值判断钾在植物本内的的移动性方法，而且试验揭示了同一小麦品种钾移动性大小与钾营养水平及植物基因型有关。在低钾水平上，同一小麦品种叶片展开时/成熟时比值较高，说明钾在小麦植株中的移动性增强，随着供钾水平的提高，展开时/成熟时比值下降，钾的移动性减弱。 4、两个超高产小麦品种体内的SOD含量不同，随着外界供钾条件的变化，其变化幅度也不同。温麦6号表现出SOD活性增减幅度变化较小，说明其植株体内产生的活性氧相对较少，而兰考906一4的 SOD活性增减幅度较大，易发生活性氧伤害。旗叶的光合速率温麦6号受外界供钾的因素影响较小，说明其有稳定的光合速率，而促进产量的形成。 5、两个超高产小麦品种对吸钾能力的最终表现在产量形成中，田间试验表明同一供钾水平下，都表现出温麦6号的增产效果好于兰考906—4，而且温麦6号实现了超高产目标，进一步说明温麦6号钾效应高于兰考906—4。 6、钾不仅促进小麦品质的提高，而且还会影响品质组分，就供试的两个超高产小麦品种而言，钾对其影响不一，从小麦品种加工品质来讲，温麦6号优于兰考906—4。更多还原

【Abstract】 This thesis studied the abilities of absorbed K, K use efficiency and the relation of K to wheat pattern characters, physiological property and quality character between two super-high yield wheat varieties in chao-soil. The initial research results showed:1. There were differences in aspects of K content, the dressing K effect, K use efficiency, abilities of utilizing K in soil and K efficiency etc. between two super-high yield wheat varieties. Wenmai-6 was a low-K tolerance and high K efficiency genotype variety.2. There were obvious positive effect among KU N^ P, and low-K tolerance breed of wheat could promote the absorbed effect and it much more distinct between N and K which guaranteed the nutrition need of plant high product in some extent.3. Whether the absorbed K could be reused or not or the extend of its reuse in the plant body decided the36 fertilizer’s devise strategies in produce. This trial research built a method which used the ratio of K content between the wheat opened leaf and matured leaf to decide K move feature in the plant, and it also announced that in the same breed of wheat K shift ability had something to do with K nutrition level and plant genotype. In low-K level the ratio between opened leaf and matured leaf of the same breed was higher, which illustrated that K move ability in the wheat plant were advanced. With the promote of provided-K level, the ratio decreased. K move ability weakened.4. The SOD content was different in the bodies of two super-high yield wheat varieties. With the change of external offered K conditions, their changing ranges were not identical. Wenmai-6 showed the SOD activity was more stable. That explained the produced active oxygen in its body was low relatively. However, the SOD activity of Lankao 906-4 was reduced significantly, so the leaf was liable to be harmed by active oxygen. The photosynthesis rate of flag leaf of Wenmai-6 was less affected by external offered K factors. It explained that its photosynthesis rate was stable to promote the form of yield.5. The last display of absorbed K abilities of two super-high yield wheat varieties was to form yield. The field trial showed the effect of yield rise of wenmai-6 was betterthan Lankao 906-4 under the same offered K level. And Wenmai-6 realized the object of super-high yield. It showed K effect of Wenmai-6 was prior to Lankao 906-4.6. K not only advanced the rise of wheat quality but also affected the component of quality, too. K had the different influence to trial two super-high yield varieties. As for as wheat processed quality connected, Wenrnai-6 was prior to Lankao 906-4.更多还原