【作者】 孙梅霞；

【导师】 刘国顺；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 作物栽培与耕作学， 2000， 硕士

【摘要】 1998-1999年以K326为试验材料，采用盆栽方式对不同土壤含水量条件下，叶片的某些生理特性进行研究，处理结果表明：随着土壤含水量的降低，烟株生长减慢，叶水势和叶片含水量降低，自然饱和亏增加；叶片气孔密度增加，气孔变小，气孔开度减小，叶片厚度增加，栅栏组织细胞数目增多，排列紧密；硝酸还原酶活性降低，脯氨酸积累增加；SOD活性先上升，当土壤含水量降至60％时达最高，然后下降。POD活性则持续上升。气孔导度、光合速率、蒸腾速率减小，叶绿素含量增加。 在成熟期，当土壤含水量低于60％时，总氮、烟碱含量偏高，总糖、还原糖含量低，糖/碱比偏低；当土壤含水量高于80％时，烟碱含量偏低。在60-70％和70-80％处理中，各项化学成分协调，铁、镁、锌、钠、钾含量较高，钙、氯含量低，锰、铜、硼含量随土壤含水量变化不大。土壤含水量过高或过低，都影响矿质元素的含量。综合分析表明，成熟期土壤含水量应控制在60-80％之间。 综合分析结果得出不同时期水分指标：伸根期适宜水分指标为61.90％，干旱指标为50.10％；旺长期适宜水分指标为81.30％，干旱指标为69.00％；成熟期适宜水分指标为77.25％，干旱指标为58.43％。 不同灌水方式下，化学品质和矿质营养分析表明：滴灌处理中，总糖、还原糖含量高，烟碱、总氮含量适中，各项比例适宜。铁、镁、钠、锌、磷、钾含量提高，钙、氯含量降低；沟灌处理中，糖 ／碱比偏低，铁、镁含量低，钙含量显著高于滴灌处理和喷灌处理。 同时滴灌处理比沟灌处理省水 48儿 比喷灌处理省水 21．7丸 滴灌 能有效提高烟叶产量和烟叶品质。更多还原

【Abstract】 The effect of different soil moisture on some physiological characteristics of tobacco leaf was studied by the pot experiment with flue-cured tobacco c. v. K326 in 1998-1999. The results showed that reduction of soil moisture cause the decrease in the growth of tobacco plants, the leaf water potential, the moisture content of leaf , the stomatal conductance , net photo-synthetic rate and transpiration rate , the increase in natural saturation deficiency , the stomatal density, the thickness of leaf , the number of cells in the palisade tissues and the chlorophyll con-tent , but it caused that the activity of SOD rose at first , then decrease and that the activity of POD kept increasing .During the mature stage, when soil moisture was under 60 percent, the total nitrogen and nicotine content increased, but the total sugar and the reducing sugar content decreased, the ratio of sugar and nicotine was low. When it was over 80 percent, the nicotine content decreased .when it was between 60-80 percent ,all chemical components harmonized relatively, the content of Ca, CL decreased , and that of other elements kept steady . so the 60-80 percent of soil moisture should be kept during the maturing stage .The soil moisture index of different stages is not the same . The suitable soil moisture index is 61.90 percent during the root spreading stage, 81.30 percent during the vigorous growing stage and 77.25 percent during the maturing stage .The drought index is 50.1 percent , 69. 00 percent and 58.43 percent respectively.The total sugar, reducing sugar and the content of K were high, the contents of nicotine and total nitrogen were appreciate, each ratio was suitable, and the contents of Ca and Cl were decreasing under the drip irrigation, but under the ditch irrigation, the ratio47of sugar and nicotine and the contents of Fe and Mg were low, the content of Ca was over distinctly the those of drip irrigation and spray irrigation .at the same time, the account of drip irrigation is 48 percent less than that of the ditch irrigation and 21. 7 percent less than that of the spray irrigation .The drip irrigation can improve effectively the yield and the quality of tobacco .更多还原