【作者】 吴业春；

【导师】 喻德跃； 盖钧镒；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 在已有的7年工作基础上，以叶面积损失百分率为指标，继续于2000年和2001年对从6724份大豆资源中筛选的46份抗感材料及6份江淮与南方大豆推广良种、3份新选育家系和重组自交系群体NJRILKY的两个亲本共57份材料进行了大豆对食叶性害虫综合虫种抗性的鉴定工作。结果表明，品种间、记录日期间、年份间抗虫性有极显著差异；品种与记录日期间互作、品种与年份间互作极显著；年份之间抗虫性表现极显著相关。综合1993～2001年历年各次田间抗性鉴定结果，认为虽然历年来各次抗性鉴定的结果并不完全一致，但各品种的抗性水平还是保持了一定的稳定性；且多年综合鉴定结果比单独年份鉴定结果更为稳定可靠。通过对1993～2001各年抗性鉴定分级结果的综合分析并参考9年综合抗性分级结果，确立了10个较为稳定，并具一定代表性的抗感材料，作为今后大豆对食叶性害虫田间综合虫种抗鉴定的标准品种。它们分别是，高抗材料吴江青豆3、PI227687、日本、通山薄皮黄豆甲、赶泰-2-2；高感材料山东大豆、大青瓤黑豆、矮杆黄、商丘7602和皖82-178。 采用室内喂养斜纹夜蛾幼虫的方法，根据斜纹夜蛾的虫体反应，以幼虫重和蛹重为指标，鉴定了大豆资源对斜纹夜蛾单一虫种的抗性表现。两指标在各种质间差异极显著，遗传变异幅度较大；且幼虫重和蛹重间相关极显著(r=0.92)，它们所反映的品种抗感差异一致，可作为大豆对斜纹夜蛾单一虫种抗性(抗生性)的鉴定方法。筛选出的高抗种质有PI227687、矮杆黄、黄皮小青豆、南农89-30、巨县秋豆A、大青瓤黑豆、日本，高感种质有监利牛毛黄、89-29、沔阳白毛豆、枞阳猴子毛、74906-08和大浦大粒黄。 采用简单相关及列联表分析法对各鉴定结果进行进行了比较研究。对于斜纹夜蛾单一虫种抗性，生物测定法(虫体反应)鉴定结果和网室条件下植株反应的鉴定结果间存在一定的相关性。对斜纹夜蛾单一种抗性结果(包括植株反应和虫体反应)与田间综合虫种抗性植株反应鉴定结果间并无相关性。根据上述结果并考虑到各种鉴定方法的优缺点，建议在进行大豆抗食叶性害虫资源的鉴定筛选和育种选择过程中，若主要是针对斜纹夜蛾抗性，应以虫体反应作为主要鉴定依据，而在早代选择过程中，也应以虫体反应为依据。但最终的品种抗性评价还要参考田间自然环境条件下对综合虫南农大硕士学位论文大豆对食叶性害虫抗的鉴定及外织夜蛾抗生性的遗传研究种的抗性表现。 2001年利用先进2号X赶泰上工衍生的重组自交系群体，根据斜纹夜蛾虫体反应，采用数量性状主基因十多基因混合遗传模型分离分析法，研究了大豆对斜纹夜蛾抗生性的遗传规律。结果表明大豆对斜纹夜蛾抗生性表现为两对主基因十多基因的遗传模式。斜纹或幼虫重表现为两对加性动性x加性上位性十多基因模型，主基国的遗传率为 69．18％，多基因遗传率为 24．45％．更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on previous seven years studies, Forty-six resistant or susceptible soybean entries screened out from 6724 accessions together with six released cultivars, three breeding lines and the parents of the recombinant inbred lines (RIL), NJRILKY were evaluated for their resistance to the natural population of leaf-feedig insects(LFIs) in field by visually estimating the percent defoliation in 2000 and 2001. The results showed that there existed significant difference in the resistance of soybeans among varieties, record dates and years, and there also existed significant interactions between varieties and record dates, and between varieties and years. According to the results of identification of soybeans germplasm to LFIs from 1993 to 2001, the level of resistance remain relatively steady, although the result of every year is not completely identical. In addition, the result according to many years’ identification is steadier, and so more reliable, than that according to only one year’s. So, it can be applied as a standard method of evaluation soybean resistance to LEFs. According to the nine years’ resistance grading result, ten accessions were selcted as standard varieties for later grading. They include five highly resistant varieties N3697, N21551, N21565, N3039 and N1178-2-2 and five highly susceptible N20839, N20793, N21249, N4938 and N21266.The accessions were also identified for their antibiosis to cotton worm (Prodenia litura Fabricius) under inoculation condition according to the ten days’ larval weight and pupal weight (bioassay). The results showed that there existed significant difference in the antibiosis of soybeans among varieties. Low larval and pupal weight indicates the high level of antibiosis. Laval weight is positively related to pupal weight(r=0.92). They show the same reaction of soybeans resistance and can be applied to evaluate soybean resistance (antibiosis) to the insect. Accordingly, N21551, N21249, N20922, N23860, N1594, N20793 and N21565 were screened as highly resistant germplasms while N3108, N83259, N4029-3, N2395, 74906-08 and N3155-1, highly susceptible.The resistance levels of a variety in bioassay, netroom screening and field screening are not identically the same to each other. However, the results of bioassay and netroom screening have some relationship. On the contrary, either of them have obvious relationshipwith that of field screening. In consideration of the characteristic of every identification method, it is recommended that the result of bioassay could be more suitable to evaluate the resistance of soybean to only one insect (cotton worm, for example) in screening resistant resource and in the early generation selection of breeding program. But the ultimate evaluation of the resistance has to refer to the result in the natural environment in field.The antibiosis of the recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population derived from the cross between N21297 and N1178-2-2 was measured employed a larval weight gain assay to study the resistance inheritance of soybean to cotton worm. The segregation analysis of identifying mixed major genes and polygene inheritance model of quantitative traits showed that the inheritance of antibiosis accorded with a two major genes plus polygene mixed inheritance model. The heritability values of major genes were 69.18% and those of polygene were 24.45%.更多还原