【作者】 吴鑫；

【导师】 杨红；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 农药学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 绿麦隆(chlorotoluron)是一种根部吸收和叶面触杀作用的取代脲类除草剂，它具有高效、广谱、低毒、持效长、选择性和杀草谱广等优点，广泛应用于麦田杂草防治。 可溶性有机物由亲水组分和疏水组分组成，其中亲水组分包括亲水性的酸和中性化合物，疏水组分包括疏水性的酸和中性化合物。可溶性有机物具有两性性质，起着表面活性剂的作用，能够提高疏水性化合物的水溶解性，减少挥发性。它的疏水性组分与有机污染物有高度的亲和力，能提高疏水性有机污染物水溶性和迁移性，其中可溶性有机物可作为一种移动载体。 采用摇瓶法测定绿麦隆水溶解度和正辛醇／水分配系数(Kow)。并在相同的条件下研究了两种不同来源的可溶性有机物(DOM)对绿麦隆水溶解度和正辛醇／水分配系数的影响。结果表明：两种不同来源的可溶性有机物能提高绿麦隆的水溶解度，其中来源于原始污泥的可溶性有机物对绿麦隆水溶解度影响强于来源于热喷污泥的可溶解性有机物。但两种来源的可溶性有机物对绿麦隆正辛醇／水分配系数均没有影响。 研究绿麦隆在两种不同土壤中的吸附与解吸附，并在此基础上研究了两种不同来源的DOM对绿麦隆在两种不同土壤中吸附与解吸附的影响。结果表明绿麦隆在红壤中的吸附强于黄潮土，而解吸附结果相反。加入两种来源的可溶性有机物对绿麦隆在两种土壤中的吸附性减弱，而解吸附性增强。来源于原始污泥的DOM对绿麦隆在两种土壤中的吸附与解吸附影响强于来源于热膨污泥的DOM，同种来源的DOM对绿麦隆在黄潮土中吸附与解吸附的影响强于红壤。 通过室内培养进行绿麦隆对两种小麦发芽率，芽长及根长抑制的剂量-毒性效应的研究。同时在相同的试验条件下，研究两种来源的DOM对这种剂量-毒性效应的影响。试验结果表明：绿麦隆对被试两种小麦的发芽率、芽和根的伸长都有抑制作用，宁麦9号对绿麦隆的反应较扬麦158要敏感。两种来源的DOM对两种小麦的发芽率几乎不影响，但对两种小麦芽和根的伸长有促进作用。含有绿麦隆的两种来源DOM对两类小麦的毒性有增强作用，来源于原始污泥的DOM作用高于来源于热喷污泥的DOM。对于同种来源的DOM，扬麦158对绿麦隆的剂量-毒性效应受DOM影响程度高于宁麦9号。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chlorotoluron is a kind of root adsorption herbicide with a high activity and low toxicity. It is widely employed in binary mixtures or pre- or postemergence selective control of weeds in cereal crops.Dissolved organic matter is divided into two groups, hydrophilic and hydrophobic, The hydrophilic components can be further divided into hydrophilic acids and hydrophilic neutral compounds, the hydrophobic components can be further divided into hydrophobic acids and hydrophobic neutral compounds Dissolved organic matter with amphoteric properties can enhance the solubility of hydrophilic compounds in water and decrease their volatilization. The hydrophobic components of dissolved organic matter have a strong affinity for hydrophobic chemicals in the environment and was an impact on transport of them.Two types of dissolved organic matter from both non-treated sludge and heat-expanded sludge were employed to investigate the effect on the chlorotoluron solubility in water and its partition coefficient in 1-octanol and water. Results indicates that both DOMs showed a positive effect on the chlorotoluron solubility in water, and DOM from non-treated sludge had a greater effect on chlorotoluron solubility in water than DOM from heat-expanded sludge. However, no effect of DOMs on Kow was observed.Bath equilibrium techniques were used to examine the effect of DOM from non-treated sludge and heat-expanded sludge on chlorotoluron sorption-desorption by the two types of soil in China. Application of DOM from non-treated sludge and heat-expanded sludge led to a general decrease in sorption to the soil and increase in desorption from the soil. Compared with that from heat-expanded sludge, application of DOM extracted from non-treated sludge resulted in more decreases in sorption. However, this case was opposite for the desorption. The effect of DOM sorption-desorption depended on the type of soils. In the presence of the same source of DOM, the more inhibited sorption to yellow-fluvio aquic soil than red soil was observed. Compared with that from red soil, application of DOM led to the increased desorption of chlorotoluron from yellow-fluvio aquic soil.The dosage-toxicity effect of chorotoluron on inhibition of germination rates, bud androot elongation of two wheat cultivars was studied in this paper by indoor training. Two types of dissolved organic matter from both non-treated sludge and heat-expanded sludge were employed Results indicates that inhibition of germination rates , bud and root elongation of two wheat cultivars treated with chorotoluron was observed, NM-9 showed a higher sensitivity to chlorotoluron than YM-158, Both types of DOMs had no effect on the germination, but did had a positive effect on bud and root elongation, chlorotoluron in the presence of DOMs had an increased toxicity to wheat seedlings as compared with chlorotoluron applied alone. DOM from non-treated sludge had a greater effect on chlorotoluron toxicity to wheat than DOM from heat-expanded sludge. In the presence of the same source of DOM, a stronger chlorotoluron toxicity to YM-158 than to NM-9 was observed.更多还原