【作者】 李金宝；

【导师】 沈益新；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 植物雌激素是一种广泛存在于豆科植物中，具有雌激素样作用的天然活性物质。本研究以我国种植较多的紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L. )和白三叶(Trifolium repens L. )为研究对象，采用反相高效液相色谱(HPLC)法定量分析了两种牧草不同生长发育阶段植株体内染料木素(Genistein)，香豆雌酚(Coumestrol)和芒柄花素(Formononetin)等植物雌激素的含量，并分析了植物雌激素含量与植株生长性状间的关系，旨在为紫花苜蓿和白三叶在畜牧生产中的合理利用提供基础数据。 研究结果表明，植物雌激素的种类和含量存在明显的种间和品种间差异。紫花苜蓿植株体内的植物雌激素以香豆雌酚为主，另外还含芒柄花素和染料木素；这些物质在叶内的含量明显的高于茎。紫花苜蓿品种维多利亚叶、茎中的植物雌激素含量均显著高于另一品种德宝。白三叶植株体内的植物雌激素以芒柄花素为主，另外还含少量的染料木素和香豆雌酚。白三叶四个供试品种的植物雌激素含量以品种铺地的含量较高，海发次之，威亚和瑞文德较低。 紫花苜蓿和白三叶植株体内的植物雌激素含量的变异与生长发育阶段的关系甚为密切。春季紫花苜蓿植株体内的植物雌激素含量较多，植物雌激素含量总体上随生长发育进程呈不断减少的趋势，香豆雌酚含量最高时达267.92μg／g，但开花后迅速减少。白三叶植株体内的植物雌激素含量随生长发育进程不断增长，始花时芒柄花素含量最高达176.51μg／g，但开花后亦迅速减少。开花末期，紫花苜蓿和白三叶植株体内的植物雌激素含量均降至最低。 紫花苜蓿植株体内植物雌激素含量的变异与株高增长呈相反的趋势，随叶茎比的下降而下降；白三叶植株体内植物雌激素含量的变异与草高增长一致，但有叶片较小的品种含量较高的倾向。 紫花苜蓿和白三叶植株体内的N，P含量在春季生长发育过程中变异不大，规律性不明显，植物雌激素含量与N，P含量之间无明显相关关系。 春季紫花苜蓿和白三叶植株体内植物雌激素含量较高。在畜牧生产利用上，应适当控制饲喂量或与其他饲草混合饲喂，以防给家畜带来不良影响；在紫花苜蓿和白三叶植株体内植物雌激素的开发利用上，可根据需要选择合适的种和品种，并在春季始花前收割，以提高提取效率。更多还原

【Abstract】 Phytoestrogens are naturally bioactive substances having estrogenic activities which exist widely in leguminous plants. Phytoestrogens (genistein, coumestrol and formononetin) in alfalfa(Medicago sativa L. )and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) which were widely planted in China during different growth stages were quantitated with reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) , and relationship between phytoestrogens and plant growth characteristics was analyzed.The results showed that kinds and content of phytoestrogens varied among the species, varieties and growth stages. Coumestrol, formononetin and genistein were detected in alfalfa, and coumestrol was the primary phytoestrogens. Total phytoestrogens content in leaf was higher than that in stem, and total phytoestrogens content of Victoria was higher than that of Derby. Formononetin, genistein and coumestrol were detected in white clover, and formononetin was the main phytoestrogens. Total phytoestrogens content of Persistent was higher than that of Haifa, Huia and Rivendal.Growth stages had a significant effect on total phytoestrogens content in alfalfa and white clover. Total phytoestrogens content in alfalfa was remarkably high in the spring, and decreased sharply after bloom, maximal coumestrol content was 267.92 g/g; total phytoestrogens content in white clover increased constantly in the spring and decreased promptly after bloom, maximal formononetin content was 176.51 g/g in early bloom. Total phytoestrogens content in alfalfa and white clover was least at later bloom.With plant height increasing and leaf/stem ratio decreasing, total phytoestrogens content in alfalfa constantly decreased. Total phytoestrogens content in white clover constantly increased with growth of plant height, but tended higher in varieties with smaller leaflet.Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents of alfalfa and white clover had no significant change with growth in spring, so there was significant correlationbetween phytoestrogens content and N, P contents of alfalfa and white clover.In spring, phytoestrogens content of alfalfa and white clover was high, when these legumes are applied to animal, the feeding quantum should be limited or used together with other forages to avoid negative effect on livestocks. When extracting phytoestrogens of alfalfa and white clover, proper species or varieties should be selected and reaped before heading bloom in spring.更多还原