【作者】 徐敬海；

【导师】 刘伟庆； 邓民宪；

【作者基本信息】 南京工业大学 ， 结构工程， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 在各种自然灾害中，地震灾害是造成人员伤亡和经济损失最严重的灾害之一；尤其当其发生在城市或城市附近时，所造成的破坏更大。应用GIS建立城市防震减灾信息系统是有效减轻城市地震灾害的一条重要途径，在实际应用中也取得了较好的效果。然而现有的城市防震减灾信息系统中防震减灾专业模型与GIS功能结合不够紧密，在GIS空间分析功能的使用方面也较为欠缺，这样常常导致城市防震减灾信息系统缺乏实时性。当城市基础地理信息发生变化后，系统很难根据基础地理信息的变化，对城市防震减灾专业信息作出相应的更新，这严重地削弱了系统在城市防震减灾中的功效。 为了增强城市防震减灾信息系统的时效性和实用性，更好地服务于城市防震减灾，必须加强对地震灾害智能计算的研究，开发出基于GIS的城市防震减灾信息管理与智能分析系统。本文围绕基于GIS的城市防震减灾信息管理与智能分析系统的分析、设计和开发，主要进行了以下四个方面的研究工作： (一)在分析基于GIS的城市防震减灾信息管理与智能分析系统特点的基础上，提出了系统开发策略，并设计出系统原型。本文提出的系统开发策略为：采用原型法分析系统功能，根据分析结果快速建立一个系统原型；采用结构化设计方法分解系统原型为几个相对独立的子系统；采用面向对象方法编程实现系统原型。在系统原型开发和使用过程中，不断地演化系统原型。 (二)以模糊数学为工具，从一个全新的角度提出了适用于GIS系统的建筑物震害预测方法—模糊震害指数法。该方法首先分析不同类型建筑物的群体震害指数；然后通过考察不同建筑物个体的抗震性能，修正群体震害指数，得到单体建筑物的模糊震害指数；再通过对单体建筑物的模糊震害指数进行模糊识别，确定单体建筑物的震害等级。该方法操作简便、易于编程，而且还可以根据收集到的震害预测资料动态地修正群体震害指数，实现该方法的动态性。文中还归纳了城市防震减灾信息管理与智能分析系统的其它常用专业空间分析模型。 (三)在对比、分析GIS系统空间数据管理四种模式的基础上，提出采用对象—关系数据库来实现对城市防震减灾信息管理与智能分析系统图形数据和属性数据的统一管理，并以Arcinfo8.1的Personal Geodatabase为例论述了空间数据库的设计方法和开发步骤。 (四)分析了GIS工具软件常用的二次开发方法的优缺点，提出应采用基于COM技术的集成二次开发方法，来开发城市防震减灾信息管理与智能分析系统。文中应用ArcObject，结合VB等开发工具，阐述了系统的开发过程。 本文应用上述理论研究成果，开发了镇江市城市防震减灾信息管理与智能分析系统。更多还原

【Abstract】 Earthquake disaster is one of the most serious disasters, which may result in heavy casualties and economic losses, particularly when it occurs in or near the cities. The establishment of Urban Seismic Hazard Mitigation Information System (USHMIS) by GIS is an important way to reduce the urban earthquake disasters effectively, which has been proved having good results in practical application. In the existing systems, however, they are usually not real-time because the professional disaster models aren’t tightly integrated with GIS functions and the GIS spatial analysis functions are not used. Information in the systems is usually difficult to be updated with the varieties of urban foundation geography information, which severely weakens the effect of the system.To improve the real-time performance and practicability of the systems and to serve better for the urban seismic hazard mitigation, the research on intelligent calculation of earthquake disaster should be enhanced and the GIS based intelligent information system for urban seismic hazard mitigation should be developed. Concerning the analyzing, designing and developing of GIS-based intelligent information system in urban seismic hazard mitigation, this paper focuses on following items:1 Based on the analysis of the GIS-based intelligent information system’s characteristics, the strategy of developing the system is brought up, and the prototype of the system is also designed. The following strategy of developing the system is put forward: First, to analyze the functions of the system by prototype method, a system prototype is quickly established according to the analysis; then, the system prototype is divided into several independent sub-systems by structural design method; finally, to realize the system prototype by object oriented program method. When developing the system, system prototype should be evolved continuously.2 A new method of building seismic hazard prediction-fuzzy seismic index method is put forward. In this method, different types of massive building seismic index are analyzed first; Then the anti-seismic characters of different individual building are investigated, individual building seismic index can be got by revising massive building seismic index; Finally, seismic hazard grades of individual building can be deduced from fuzzy recognition of its seismic index. This method is easy to use and program, furthermore, the massive building seismic index can be dynamically revised, according to the collected seismic prediction data. Other frequently used professional spatial analysis models of GIS based intelligent information system are also summarized.3 By analyzing and comparing following four kinds of patterns in spatial data management of the GIS system, the method of unifying management of graphic and property data in object-relation database is proposed, and the Personal Geodatabase of Arcinfo8.1 is used toillustrate the designing method and developing steps of the spatial database.4 After the merits and defects of using redeveloping methods of the GIS tool software being compared, the Integration redevelopment methods based on COM are also recommended to develop the USHMIS and Intelligent Analysis System. By Applying developing tools, such as ArcObject and VB etc, the developing process of the system is formulated.The results of the research are applied in the GIS based intelligent information system of ZhenJiang city, which is a powerful instantiation that the ideas and methods for GIS based system are reasonable.更多还原